Chapter 23 Building of European Suprem
scrindMr. Dunbar
AP European History
Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I Outline
Chapter Overview
New steel mills, railways, shipyards, and chemical plants reflected an expanding supply of capital goods in Europe during the second half of the nineteenth-century.
By the first decade of the twentieth century, the age of the automobile, the airplane, the bicycle, the refrigerated ship, the telephone, the radio, the typewriter, and the electric light bulb had dawned.
Nation-states with large electorates, political parties, and centralized bureaucracies emerged.
Section One: Population Trends and Migration
Section Overview
The number of Europeans had risen from approximately 226 million in 1850 to 401 million in 1900 and to 447 million in 1910.
Europe’s population on the move
Mid-century emancipation of serfs lessened the authority of landlords and made legal movement and migration.
Railways, steamships, and better roads increased mobility.
Cheap land and better wages led some to emigrate from Europe to North America, Latin America, and Australia.
More than 50 million European left their homelands between 1846 and 1932.
Many in Europe moved from rural to urban settings.
Emigration trends
In 1850, most emigrants were from Great Britain (especially Ireland), Germany, and Scandinavia.
After 1885, emigration from southern and eastern Europe rose.
Section Two: The Second Industrial Revolution
Section Overview
The economic gap between Britain and the rest of the Continent narrowed as Belgium, Germany, and France rapidly expanded their heavy industries.
German steel production surpassed Britain’s in 1893 and was nearly double that of Britain by the outbreak of World War I.
New Industries In contrast to the first industrial revolution, the second industrial revolution was associated with steel, chemicals, electricity, and oil.
Henry Bessemer (1830-1898)
English engineer who discovered a new process for manufacturing steel
AP European History
Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I Outline
Chapter Overview
New steel mills, railways, shipyards, and chemical plants reflected an expanding supply of capital goods in Europe during the second half of the nineteenth-century.
By the first decade of the twentieth century, the age of the automobile, the airplane, the bicycle, the refrigerated ship, the telephone, the radio, the typewriter, and the electric light bulb had dawned.
Nation-states with large electorates, political parties, and centralized bureaucracies emerged.
Section One: Population Trends and Migration
Section Overview
The number of Europeans had risen from approximately 226 million in 1850 to 401 million in 1900 and to 447 million in 1910.
Europe’s population on the move
Mid-century emancipation of serfs lessened the authority of landlords and made legal movement and migration.
Railways, steamships, and better roads increased mobility.
Cheap land and better wages led some to emigrate from Europe to North America, Latin America, and Australia.
More than 50 million European left their homelands between 1846 and 1932.
Many in Europe moved from rural to urban settings.
Emigration trends
In 1850, most emigrants were from Great Britain (especially Ireland), Germany, and Scandinavia.
After 1885, emigration from southern and eastern Europe rose.
Section Two: The Second Industrial Revolution
Section Overview
The economic gap between Britain and the rest of the Continent narrowed as Belgium, Germany, and France rapidly expanded their heavy industries.
German steel production surpassed Britain’s in 1893 and was nearly double that of Britain by the outbreak of World War I.
New Industries In contrast to the first industrial revolution, the second industrial revolution was associated with steel, chemicals, electricity, and oil.
Henry Bessemer (1830-1898)
English engineer who discovered a new process for manufacturing steel