Chapter Summary: Variation Under Nature

Chapter 2
Variation Under Nature

In the book, The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin, he explains variation under nature, examining if the variety in species in nature can be possibly similar to the variety in domesticated species. Charles Darwin said, “The term “variety” is almost difficult to define; but here community of descent is almost universally implied, though it can rarely be proved.” He explains how people use the word monstrosities which he presumes is meant some considerable deviation of structure either injurious to or not useful to the species. Monstrosities are variations happening in nature that do not help and could actually be harmful to animals or plants. Charles Darwin questions and thinks if there is variations
But some slight variations can be passed from parents to offspring and this can gather in the species as a whole. Charles Darwin explains a problem of contrast of variations within a species the existence of two separate species that have some distinctions between species is impossible to determine. In this chapter Darwin looks at variations in species of birds between one Galapagos island and another. Even though at first he has trouble figuring out the distinction between species later he finds that distinction is straight forward. Charles Darwin finds theories of the separations of species, but theologians believe it happened by an act of god. Charles Darwin claims that there is no difference in the amount of variety between the smaller and larger groups of genra. Darwin gives a clue about the difference between larger and smaller genra which is the affect of each group's struggle for survival. Dominant group have the more chance to form variation and it gives them a better chance
There are three main questions, "Why if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumberale transitional forms? Why is it not all nature in confusion instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?" The other questions, " organs of such wonderful structure, as they eye, of which we hardly as yet fully understand the inimitable perfection?" The last one, "can instincts be acquired and modified through natural selections?" To answer one of the first questions he argues that nature requires a fair amount of varieties to become extinct. He argues that the fair amount of environments are geographically small that an average amount of species in those certain places would not be able to reproduce, survive, and they will eventually become extinct. The tone of Charles Darwin in answering the second questions does not sound confident. He explains how scientists are not able to see a clear line of organ modification because of gaps in the development of these structures. He demonstartes the family squirrel, the flying squirrel's tain can help an spectator imagine the complex organs like the wing of the or eye of a bat . He explains that over time developments of structures get more advanced like a teloscope until the organ has reached a development of perfect or in his word "natural