Chapter15

Dental Implants

Implants - defined
Surgically inserted into bone
Used as “anchors” to support a prosthetic
Replace missing teeth in partially and/or fully edentulous areas
May be single tooth or several teeth prosthetic Potential for ultimate stability for prosthetic
Relies on integration with natural bone/tissues for retention and sustainability

Implants –

Basic Diagrams
Prosthetics

Implants

Implants –

Basic Diagrams

Relies on integration with bone (new bone growth) for support.
“Osseointegratio
n”
There must be a closed interface
(implant to oral tissue) for success.

Types of Implants:
Endosseous – resides partially in bone 

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Single tooth replacement thru denture support Screw-shaped
Most common type

Types of Implants:

Types of Implants:
Subperiosteal: rests on alveolar ridge, no bone invasion
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Less invasive, less stable
Supports denture

Transosteal: placed through the mandible (only)



Attachments reside above ridge
Rarely used

Types of Implants:

Types of Implants:

Implant Materials:
Titanium:
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Used as almost pure metal
Corrosion resistant
Strong & lightweight
Great biocompatibility

Implant Materials:
Ceramics:
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Most biocompatible
Formation of hydroxyapatite at surface
Potential for chemical bond between bone & implant

Coated Metals:


Combines strength of metal with good interface potential of ceramic

Implant Materials:
Prosthetics & attachments:


Crowns
 PFM’s most common
 Could be gold, ceramic, composite
 Attached by screws or cemented



Dentures
 “Traditional” materials - acrylic
 Attached by various fasteners: clips,

balls, screws, etc.

Implant Materials:

Placement of Endosseous
Implant
Soft tissue “flap” is laid Premeasured implant (body) placed into bone and covered entirely with soft tissue
Healing: weeks months

Placement of Endosseous
Implant
The soft tissue is removed, exposing the implant, and a
“healing cap” is placed Healing: several weeks Placement of Endosseous
Implant