Chemical Notes
CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
Cell derived mediators Mediator | Source | Function | Vasoactive amines | Histamine | Mast cells, basophil, platelet | Vasodilation, ↑ vascular permeability, endothelial activation | Serotonin | platelets | Vasodilation, ↑ vascular permeability | Eicosanoids | Prostaglandins | Mast cells, leukocytes | Vasodilation (PGD2,PGE1,E2 & PGF2-α), pain (PGE2), fever | Thromboxane A2 | | Promotes platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction | Prostacyclin | | Inhibits platelet aggregation, vasodilation | Leukotrienes | Mast cells, leukocytes | Vasoconstriction & Increased vascular permeability (C4,D4,E4), chemotaxis (B4), leukocyte adhesion and activation (B4) | Cytokines | TNF | Macrophages, T cells | (1) Induce fever; induce WBC release from bone marrow.(2) ↑ thrombogenicity (coagulation) of endothelium, aggregation & activation of neutrophil (3) induce liver to synthesise acute phase protein (4) causes apoptosis of cells (5) catabolism of muscle & fat (cachexia) | IL-1 | Macrophages, endothelial cells | (1) Chemotaxis, fever, WBC release from marrow, histamine release (2) Induce liver synthesise acute phase protein (3) Activate endothelium, adhesion molecule & permeability (coagulation & inflammation) (3) activate phagocyte, PMN & lymphocyte | IL-6 | Macrophage, endothelial, T cell | (1) Induce fever & liver to synthesise acute phase protein (2) stimulate proliferation of B cells (3) activate phagocyte & lymphocyte | IL-8 | | (1) histamine release (2) activate endothelium (3) chemotaxis | IL-12 | Macrophage, Dentritic cell | (1) ↑ cytotoxic activity & IFN-production of NK cells + T killer cells. (2) Causes TH1 differentiation, Increase TH1 but not TH2 response | IFN-γ | NK cells, T cells | (1) Activate macrophage & stimulate antibody response (2) Activate endothelial cells (3) inhibit haemopoiesis | CSF | | induce WBC release from bone marrow | Others |
Cell derived mediators Mediator | Source | Function | Vasoactive amines | Histamine | Mast cells, basophil, platelet | Vasodilation, ↑ vascular permeability, endothelial activation | Serotonin | platelets | Vasodilation, ↑ vascular permeability | Eicosanoids | Prostaglandins | Mast cells, leukocytes | Vasodilation (PGD2,PGE1,E2 & PGF2-α), pain (PGE2), fever | Thromboxane A2 | | Promotes platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction | Prostacyclin | | Inhibits platelet aggregation, vasodilation | Leukotrienes | Mast cells, leukocytes | Vasoconstriction & Increased vascular permeability (C4,D4,E4), chemotaxis (B4), leukocyte adhesion and activation (B4) | Cytokines | TNF | Macrophages, T cells | (1) Induce fever; induce WBC release from bone marrow.(2) ↑ thrombogenicity (coagulation) of endothelium, aggregation & activation of neutrophil (3) induce liver to synthesise acute phase protein (4) causes apoptosis of cells (5) catabolism of muscle & fat (cachexia) | IL-1 | Macrophages, endothelial cells | (1) Chemotaxis, fever, WBC release from marrow, histamine release (2) Induce liver synthesise acute phase protein (3) Activate endothelium, adhesion molecule & permeability (coagulation & inflammation) (3) activate phagocyte, PMN & lymphocyte | IL-6 | Macrophage, endothelial, T cell | (1) Induce fever & liver to synthesise acute phase protein (2) stimulate proliferation of B cells (3) activate phagocyte & lymphocyte | IL-8 | | (1) histamine release (2) activate endothelium (3) chemotaxis | IL-12 | Macrophage, Dentritic cell | (1) ↑ cytotoxic activity & IFN-production of NK cells + T killer cells. (2) Causes TH1 differentiation, Increase TH1 but not TH2 response | IFN-γ | NK cells, T cells | (1) Activate macrophage & stimulate antibody response (2) Activate endothelial cells (3) inhibit haemopoiesis | CSF | | induce WBC release from bone marrow | Others |