Chemistry Notes and Worksheet: Acids, Bases and Salt

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Chemistry Notes & Worksheet: Acids, Bases & Salt

Name : __________________________________________________ ( )
Class : Secondary 3 Maju/Cemerlang
Date : ______ August 2012

Acids

Definition: Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Strong Acids | Weak Acids | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula |
Organic acids such as citric acid, ethanoic acid. | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | | Sulphuric acid | H2SO4 | | Nitric acid | HNO3 | |

Note: The strength of an acid depends on the extent of its ionization in water; strong acids fully ionize in water to produce H+ ions.

Characteristics of Acids * sour taste * able to conduct electricity * corrosive if concentrated * able to react with metals, carbonate compounds & bases/alkalis* * able to turn blue litmus paper red

Reactions of Acids

1. Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen

2. Acid + Carbonate Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

3. Acid + Base/Alkali Salt + Water (Neutralisation)

Note: Salts formed always takes the cation (positive ion which is usually a metal) + name of acid.
e.g. : Sulphuric acid + SodiumSodium sulphate + Hydrogen

Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate calcium chloride + CO2 + H2O

Practice Questions on Reaction of Acids
Complete the word equation(s) below and write its equivalent balanced chemical equation(s).

1. ___________________ + zinc _________ chloride + ____________________

Chemical equation:

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2. nitric acid + aluminium _______________________ + hydrogen

Chemical equation:

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3. nitric