child rights
OSCOLA
Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities
Fourth Edition
Faculty of Law, University of Oxford www.law.ox.ac.uk/oscola Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Citations and footnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Citing cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.1.2 Citing legislation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.3 Citing secondary sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.4 Order of sources in footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Subsequent citations, cross-references and Latin ‘gadgets’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 Subsequent citations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 Cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.3 Latin ‘gadgets’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. .
1.3 Punctuation, ranges of numbers and years, and foreign words . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Punctuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities
Fourth Edition
Faculty of Law, University of Oxford www.law.ox.ac.uk/oscola Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Citations and footnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Citing cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.1.2 Citing legislation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.3 Citing secondary sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.4 Order of sources in footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Subsequent citations, cross-references and Latin ‘gadgets’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 Subsequent citations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 Cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.3 Latin ‘gadgets’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. .
1.3 Punctuation, ranges of numbers and years, and foreign words . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Punctuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Citations: (2nd edn, Wolters Kluwer 2009). Association 2010) accessed 12 August 2010. (2nd edn, Round Hall Sweet & Maxwell 2001). Israel ‘The Uniform Citation Rules’ (1989) 39 The Lawyer and (1998) 44 The Lawyer (in Guide (Thomson Reuters 2009). Manual: A Professional System of Citation (3rd edn, Aspen Publishers 2006). The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (19th edn, Harvard Law Review Association 2010). 4.4 Other useful sources RW Burchfield, The New Fowler’s Modern English Usage (3rd rev edn, OUP 2004) Derek French, How to Cite Legal Authorities (Blackstone 1996) Bryan A Garner, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (3rd edn, OUP 2011) Bryan A Garner, The Elements of Legal Style (2nd edn, OUP 2002) Sir Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words (3rd edn, Penguin 1987) RM Ritter, Hart’s Rules: The Handbook of Styles for Writers and Editors (OUP 2004) ATH Smith, Glanville Williams: Learning the Law (14th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2010)