Finally, those with an insecure-resistant attachment are less likely to show exploratory behaviour as they want attention from the caregiver. Intense stranger anxiety would be shown, as well as an intense separation protest, they would not be easily comforted by the mother on return, they would be angry and reject her. With this attachment, the child…
(1956) – Disruption of Attachment Securely attached children tend to cope better Hodges & Tizard (1989) – Failure to Form Attachment All ex-institutional children had difficulties coping later in life Rutter et al (2007) – Failure to Form Attachment Romanian orphans adopted early showed normal in comparison to those who weren’t Genie & Czech Twins – Failure to Form Attachment…
I predict Amy wouldn’t have told anyone about Herb and that Logan’s dad will find peace with his untimely death. Amy did not want to believe that her own uncle could do this to her. She was scared that if she told someone that it would seem so real and possibly no one would believe her. When Hannah, Logan’s girlfriend, discovered the abuse she told the family and they did not want these things to be true because they didn’t want to think that type of evil was in their family. Amy is only nine years old and possibly did not understand what would have been the best was to deal with her situation. Herb found it easy to use her age and fidelity to her family to manipulate her so she wouldn’t tell. Amy found it hard to actually admit that she was abused, so she thought it best to not tell which was disastrous to her now and her future. If Logan never got inside of Hannah and Amy’s dreams, Amy would still be misstated and have an undesirable life.…
579). The study highlights that an individual with insecure attachment styles are more likely to have personality disorders, foster poor relationships with others and suffer from depression. There was also another study, conducted by Shirl, Gudmundsen and Burwell in 2005, on 168 adolescents and it showed that adolescents who feel as if their caretakers are unavailable and have increased stress, tend to be more vulnerable to depression and suffer from emotional…
According to attachment theory research, there are two fundamental ways people differ from each other in the way they view relationships (Farley, Brennan, & Waller, 2000). Attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance. Those high in attachment-related anxiety tend to fear rejection and worry if the other party loves them, usually a partner (Farley, Brennan, & Waller, 2000). Those individuals high in attachment-related avoidance are more likely uncomfortable depending on others or being vulnerable to opening up (Farley, Brennan, & Waller, 2000). According to the attachment assessment my score for attachment-related anxiety score is 1.94 (low anxiety), and my attachment-related avoidance score 4.06 tipping scale towards the higher side. The combination of both scores puts me into the dismissive region. Dismissing people are high with self-confidence and often come across contentious or aggressive which interferes in our close relationships. In addition, dismissing people tend to refer their self-determination mainly at the expense of their close relationships. To answer the question how does this assessment and Maslow 's theory relate to my early childhood? I have to open up old…
Women who have experienced child sexual abuse, demonstrate a greater prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, and are more likely to be physically and sexually aggressive themselves (Finkelhor, 1979). With the above stated, previous research has found that cognitive distortions may impair their ability to trust others, which normally leads the victims in a state of ambivalence about interpersonal closeness and a heightened fear of abandonment.…
There has been growing attention on attachment theory and its impacts on later behavioral outcomes. Several research have found an association between attachment insecurity and personality disorders due to inconsistent and unstable sense of self; and association between insecure attachment and physical illness due to susceptibility to stress. Although it has various implications on sense of integrated personality and psychological well-being, the only pathology that is officially related to attachment is Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) of infancy or early childhood which is counted as very rare disorder in Diagnostic Statistical Manuel. There has been a wide range of debates on RAD with regard to its difficulties in diagnosing, validity of its subtypes, its susceptibility of being confused with other disorders, its relation with attachment theory and its treatment methods. In my opinion, RAD has not given much attention and has not been studied much due to these complications. In this paper, my attempt is to discuss these issues about RAD and its treatment models by providing with some empirical findings.…
Definitions of child maltreatment vary among the literature because the lack of homogeneity in what constitutes child maltreatment differs by country. Though one consistent part of every definition was that child maltreatment is the physical, psychological and sexual abuse, and neglect inflicted by adults towards children (Butchart, Harvey, Mian, Furniss & Kahane, 2006). To further grasp this issue you need identify and understand the definitions of each sub category that makes up child maltreatment: Physical abuse is often difficult to identify as there are many different cultural acceptances, religion. Children may also feel loyalties to parents and siblings, which often prevent the open declaration of the levels of abuse that actually exist (Butchart, Harvey, Mian, Furniss &…
Hardy, L. T. (2007). Attachment theory and reactive attachment disorder: Theoretical perspectives and treatment implications. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 20(1), 27-39.…
References: Baer, J., & Martinez, D. (2006). Child maltreatment and insecure attachment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 24(3): 187-197.…
One main problem that often come out of traumatic experiences is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is seen throughout society and is characterized as re-experiencing the traumatic event through dreams, thoughts, sensations, or flashbacks. It also involves emotional numbing, avoidance of trauma provoking thoughts or activities, and a heightened sense of alertness or arousal. PTSD is most commonly seen when the maltreatment was received as a child. Childhood maltreatment comprises of sexual, physical, and emotional neglect that negatively affects a child’s development and their psychological or psychological health throughout their entire lifetime (Ramo-Fernández et al.). When abused at such an important developmental age such as childhood development those children when adults have a higher probability of abusing their own children and becoming involved in abusive relationships, in which they would re-experience their victimization (Ramo-Fernández et al.). A study was done to prove that when one is abused as a child they are more likely to become abusive as well. In 135 parents with a history of childhood maltreatment 6.7% abused their child within the first 13 months. This may not seem like a large amount but compared to the control group of non-abused parents only 0.4% abused their offspring (Ramo-Fernández et…
Specifically children who have experienced abuse have increased levels of aggression, inattention, hyperactivity, conduct problems, noncompliance, and delinquency (Spinazzola et al., 2014). In addition, effects of abuse have also been linked to low self-esteem, suicidality, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and internalizing symptoms. In other words, abuse has a major impact on how a child behaves in various types of setting such as in school, at home, other peoples homes, and out in public. These behaviors can be difficult for teachers, family members, and other s to handle. I think it is important to be aware if some of these behaviors are present to assess for possible abuse because the other issues related to abuse may not be as noticeable or prevalent. I explored an article that completed a study specifically geared at behavior changes in children who have been abused. For this study the CDS collected data from 14,088 children from a spa of 2004 to 2010. The children were evaluated using measures such as the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index (PTSD-RI), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Trauma History Profile (THP), and an indicator of severity and clinical evaluation assessment. From the results of the assessments of a span of six years, the results showed that abuse in childhood not only augments,…
They have a difficult time interacting with others around them. The victims lack empathy for others and have a hard time controlling their emotions (Connelly 42). Adults who have been abused when younger might gain antisocial traits (“Long-Term Consequences,” Long-Term Consequences). That causes the victims to isolate themselves finding it hard to trust others; therefore, makes them have lower-esteem and depression ("Long-Term Consequences,” Child Welfare Information Gateway). It is hard for the victims to maintain any type of healthy relationship. Since the victims have a difficult time controlling their emotions they act impulsively, putting little thought into what they may say or do before reacting. A survey says that victims have “a higher rate of failed relationships and marriages.” (“The Ways Childhood Trauma and Abuse”). Knowing why they acted that way and how to help them might save their relationships. Victims also tend to be violent to others. Child abuse victims think violent acts are normal and a way to relieve stress (Connelly 35). Due to experiencing heightened emotional reactions to everyday situations these adults can easily sabotage healthy connections by using violence to adapt to their surroundings. They don’t see they are causing harm to others by repeating a learned behavior and need to acquire the correct skills to express themselves…
They watch the statistics on child abuse and have noticed some interesting facts. ChildHelp has noticed that over three million child abuse reports have been written in the last year (within the United States). This means that over six million children have been abused (Child Abuse Statistics). The children can be abused physically, mentally, and emotionally. Webster’s dictionary defines abuse as “bad or improper treatment; maltreatment” (“Abuse”). It can cause a multitude of issues in adolescents, some of which will continue into their adulthood. The effects of abuse can vary due to the circumstance, type, and length of the abuse. However, they can usually be categorized based on physical, behavioral, and psychological effects. The physical effects of abuse can include poor physical health, brain trauma, impaired brain development, and difficulty sleeping (Long Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, 2013). The behavioral effects can include substance abuse, risky sexual decision-making, criminal activity, and self-harm (Long Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, 2013). The psychological effects are the most detrimental. Some of the psychological effects include dissociation, anxiety, depression, flashbacks, eating disorders, and discomfort with physical tough (Long Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, 2013). The psychological effects can lead to…
In society, children are viewed as an important role in the generations to come. By nurturing these adolescents, the opinions among society can be set onto a better path. If a person, who is among their older years, is not held responsible for a child’s safety and health, who else can take this responsibility? In this society, there are many dangerous obstacles for a child to face. Their young minds are not stable to witness the world as it truly is.…