04-08-2013
Introduction and Background: Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy, and allows plants to grow, flower and produce seed. The process of photosynthesis requires an organelle called chloroplast and a pigment called chlorophyll The energy of the light is absorbed by chlorophyll and in turn supplies the plant with energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates. (lab handout). The process of photosynthesis requires an organelle called chloroplast and a pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that are critical for in photosynthesis.(tb) Chlorophyll molecules (C55H70MgN4O6) are attached to the membranes inside the cells called chloroplasts(LH). Plants need to constantly synthesize chlorophyll which requires warm temperatures and sunlight. Chloroplasts are primarily responsible for photosynthesis. They capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH. (tb) The rate at which photosynthesis happens can be measured using a dye (DCPIP),a Hill reaction, and a spectrophotometer. ( DCPIP ) 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is a compound that is often used as a redox dye. Oxidized DCPIP is blue, DCPIPH, which is reduced by a single electron, is pink, and fully reduced DCPIP is colorless. It is often used in measurements of the electron transport chain in plants because of its higher affinity for electrons than ferredoxin. It is also used as an artificial electron acceptor for enzyme assays. ( ) A Hill Reaction is used to measure the rate of photosynthetic electron transport. When chloroplasts were suspended in an aqueous extract made from an acetone-leaf preparation, oxygen in measurable amounts was evolved in light.( ) This rate can also be inhibited with herbicides such as Artizine. Atrizine is one of a group of