Chronic Pain Studies
The case patient may has had adopted an adaptive role for negative expected pain in reference to her neuropathic pain. The expected pain is considered as a latent cognitive construct distilled from accumulative negative pain experiences collected over the course of illness. The construct is defined “as patient predictions about future pain and consequences of their conditions”, (Janzen et al. 2006) and is believed to be responsible for prolonging the experience of chronic pain.(Main et al. 2010) Chronic pain studies have shown that patients who expect pain to get worse or fail to improve tend to be associated with poorer pain progression.(Carroll et al. 2009; Flaten and al'Absi 2015; Bhana et al. 2015) The precise pathophysiology by which expected
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Hence, patients who predict or expect their pain will be resolved could be more likely to face increased distress when expectations are inevitably unmet. Given that popular belief about medicine is still much grounded in conventional biomechanical narrative - the belief in potential for cure through interventions - has created unrealistic expectations for future restituted oneselves.(Frank 2013) The case patient may has had adopted such a belief as evident by her persistent efforts to access dentists and doctors to dispense cure for her pain condition, an approach that might have had distracted her from setting realistic goals concerning functional rehabilitation and quality of life improvement.(Bostick et al. 2013; Linton and Shaw 2011)
Studies have shown that expected pain is positively correlated with future pain and disability.(Main et al. 2010; Gatchel and Schultz 2014; Atlas and Wager 2012; Iles et al. 2009) The case patient have had high baseline pain intensity reportings after dental treatments in 1998 and 1999; similar levels of pain intensity was maintained and reported in later consultations with pain specialists in 2000s. The case patient therefore has had pain that does not substantially respond to therapy over the years, which might have had encouraged
Hence, patients who predict or expect their pain will be resolved could be more likely to face increased distress when expectations are inevitably unmet. Given that popular belief about medicine is still much grounded in conventional biomechanical narrative - the belief in potential for cure through interventions - has created unrealistic expectations for future restituted oneselves.(Frank 2013) The case patient may has had adopted such a belief as evident by her persistent efforts to access dentists and doctors to dispense cure for her pain condition, an approach that might have had distracted her from setting realistic goals concerning functional rehabilitation and quality of life improvement.(Bostick et al. 2013; Linton and Shaw 2011)
Studies have shown that expected pain is positively correlated with future pain and disability.(Main et al. 2010; Gatchel and Schultz 2014; Atlas and Wager 2012; Iles et al. 2009) The case patient have had high baseline pain intensity reportings after dental treatments in 1998 and 1999; similar levels of pain intensity was maintained and reported in later consultations with pain specialists in 2000s. The case patient therefore has had pain that does not substantially respond to therapy over the years, which might have had encouraged