Pakistan Index Period Description
ANCIENT EMPIRES ca. 2500-1600 B.C. Indus Valley culture ca. 1500-500 B.C. Migrations of Indo-Aryan- speaking tribes; the Vedic Age. ca. 563-483 B.C. Life of Siddartha Gautama--the Buddha; founding of Buddhism. ca. 321-180 B.C. Mauryan Empire; reign of Ashoka (r. ca. 274-236 B.C.); spread of Buddhism. ca. 180 B.C.-A.D. 150 Saka dynasties in Indus Valley. ca. A.D. 78-ca. 200 Kushan Empire; Gandharan art flourishes. ca. A.D. 319-ca. 600 Gupta Empire; classical age in northern India. COMING OF ISLAM 711 Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, conquers Sindh and incorporates it into Umayyad Caliphate. 1001-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni raids Indian subcontinent