Circus Maximus or in Latin which means Greatest, or largest circus, is an ancient Roman chariot racing stadium, as well as being one of the mass entertaining venus of Rome, Italy. It is situated in the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills. It was the first and possibly the largest stadium of ancient Rome and the later empire. It measured 621 m in length and 118 m in width and would accommodate 150,000 spectators.
This circus was one of the largest venues for Ludi1, public games usually connected to
Roman religious festivals. Ludi was often sponsored by leading Romans or the Roman state for the benefit of the people, as well as the gods. Most were held annually, or annual intervals, or often enough it was done to fulfill a religious vow and in order to celebrate a triumph, the earliest known event for when they celebrated a triumph was for Tarquin the Proud in the Regal era for his victory over Prometia2.
Before Circus Maximus was built, that land was used for agriculture since it was so rich, as well as the fact that the Tiber would flood as well as the stream within the valley. At an early date they made a bridge that would allow the race to cross over the bridge. They would often use turning posts as posts for the race, and the spectators would use the banks to sit, as well as some shrines and sacred spots.
1
Ludi: Latin for public games
2
Prometia: An ancient city of Latium, it ceased to exist during historical times. Its current location is unknown.
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
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In the Livy’s history, the first Etruscan king of Rome, built a raised perimeter as seating for
Rome’s highest echelons and created an awning to protect from the sun and the rain. Then his grandson, Tarquinius Superbus added the first row of citizen-commoners, either adjacent or opposite of the Aventine side of the track. Otherwise the circus was originally just a bit of track going through farmland.
The games sponsor usually sat beside the images of the attending