Citrinin Lab Report

Determination of citrinin produced by P. notatum and A. nigerin liquid media

The filtrates obtained from above experiment were used for extraction and estimation of citrinin. Briefly, the citrinin was extracted thrice with chloroform (1:1 v/v). All the three extractions were pooled and concentrated in vacuum at 40°C using a rotary evaporator. The crude extract was then diluted in minimum amount of chloroform (2ml) and citrinin was estimated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to Razak et al.[16] Subsets of citrinin obtained were estimated by High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The control contained PDB broth and 10 μl of fungal suspension. Briefly, different volumes (1 to 5 µl) of sample extracts were applied to precoated
The plant extracts used are shown in Table1. Chemical composition of plant extracts has beenshown in Table 2. It was found that all extracts were positive for carbohydrates while as Cleome amblyocarpa was free of flavonoids and alkaloids. Aervalanata, Nerium oleander and Rhazyastricta Decne all showed negative test for saponins (Table 2). The effect of medicinal plant extracts on mycellial dry weight on P. notatumis presented in Table 3. All plant extracts showed effective reduction on growth of P. notatum biomass ranging from 2.0 to 77.2% (Table 3). Rhazyastricta Decne effectively reduced mycellial dry weight of P. notatum ranging from 8.5to 77.2% and A. niger ranging from16.5 to 73.2% (Table 4). All the other plant extracts inhibited growth of fungal biomass of both strains ranging from 2 to 68.8% (Table 3 and 4). These results are consistent with Mossini et al[19]. who showed the significant reduction of Penicillium verrucosum and Penicillium brevicompactum using neem leaf extract and neem oil. The quantification of citrinin was also done by HPLC by comparing the retention times of the culture extracts with that of standrad sample of citrinin. HPLC elution profiles from the broth of P. notatum and A. niger isolates from all the tested plant extracts showed the same
The effect of aqueous extracts of four medicinal plant extracts on citrinin production from both fungi has been reported in Table 5 and Table 6. All the four plant extracts effectively decreased citrinin production ranging from 14.2 to 91.8% in P. notatum and 13.4 to 90.3% in A. niger. Amongst all the four extracts RhazyastrictaDecne was more efficient than all in inhibiting the citrinin production ranging from 22.4 to 91.8% in P. notatum and 32.6 to 93.2% in A. niger (Table 5 and 6). It was also found that in case of P. notatum the aqueous extract of Aervalanatawas more effective ranging from 16.3 to 87% while as in A. niger it was comparatively less the aqueous extract of Cleome amblyocarpa was effective ranging from 19.2 to 90.3% in A. niger while as it was 19.3 to 84.6% in P. notatum. This study for the first time reports inhibition of citrinin from medicinal plant extracts at these ranges. The present investigation showed that all the medicinal plant extracts were effective in decreasing the fungal biomass and citrinin production. Hence these plant extracts can be used as fungicides in the stored food grains as these microorganisms most commonly grow on storage and produce citrinin under these conditions. The study emphasizes on preventing the accumulation of toxic substances in food grains under