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Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov, and it involves pairing a neutral stimulus (NS) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that elicits an unconditioned response (UCR). Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS), which by itself evokes a conditioned response (CR) similar to the original UCR (as evoked by the UCS). Basically, the previously-neutral stimulus now acquires the same power as the unconditioned stimulus to…
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Classical conditioning is learning by associated, this is when we create a new stimulus response link by associating one stimulus to a response. For example little albert was conditioned to have a phobia of white fluffy objects.…
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Classical conditioning is a form of basic learning the body automatically responds to a stimulus. One stimulus takes on the properties of another. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is credited for discovering the basic principles of classical conditioning whilst he was studying digestion in dogs. He developed a technique for collecting dog’s salivary secretions. Pavlov (cited in Eysneck M.W 2009) noticed that the dogs would often start salivating before they were given any food or saw the feeding bucket or even when they heard the footstep of the laboratory assistant coming to feed them. Quite by accident Pavlov had discovered that the environmental control of behaviour can be changed as a result of two stimuli becoming associated with each other. These observations led to what’s now called classical conditioning.…
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I was able to answer both questions after I completed the reading. Classical conditioning is essentially the behavioral and/or habitual modification of cause and effect, or “if this, than that”. It involves the association of a stimulus (something that causes the reaction, whether natural or trained) with the reaction itself. Applying that to a personal experience as an example, I try a new food and subsequently get sick with the flu. Because it happened back to back, even though one has nothing to do with the other, I associate the two, and develop a dislike for that food and feel sick whenever I smell or see…
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Classical conditioning was a theory developed by a Russian psychologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). He was working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. The dogs were attached to a harness and Pavlov attached monitors to their stomachs and mouths so he could measure the rate of salivation. He noticed that the dog began to salivate when someone entered the room with a bowl of food, but before the dog had eaten the food. Since salivation is a reflex response, this seemed unusual. Pavlov decided that the dog was salivating because it had learned to associate the person with food. He then developed a theory. Food automatically led to the salivation response, since this response had not been learned, he called this an unconditioned response, which is a response that regularly occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is presented. As food automatically leads to this response, he called this unconditioned stimulus, which is a stimulus that regularly and consistently leads to an automatic response. Pavlov then presented food at the same time as ringing a bell (neutral stimulus), to see if the dog would learn to associate the bell with food. After several trials, the dog learned that the bell was associated with food and eventually it began to salivate only when the bell was rung and no food was presented. It therefore has learned the…
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Classical conditioning is defined as ‘’ a learning process by which a subject comes to respond in a specific way to a previously neutral stimulus after the subject repeatedly encounters the neutral that already elicits the response’’ (Freedictonary.com, 2013). Classical conditioning involves forming a link between two stimuli having a learned response as a result. There are three stages in which this happens Stage one: Before conditioning, Stage two: During conditioning and Stage three: After conditioning. Stage one includes a repetitive stimulus, which will automatically get a response. This is called a naturally occurring stimulus (NS) For example, salivating to the smell of food is a naturally occurring stimulus. Stage two the process of…
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Carlson et al (2005) emphasizes that classical conditioning involves learning about the conditions that foresee that an important event is going to take place. An internet source (simplypsychology), states that in this type of conditioning, ‘the condition that is responded is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus’. This theory was developed by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) with his…
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Classical conditioning refers to the involuntary responses that result from experiences that occur before a response. It occurs when you learn to associate two different stimuli. It involves a stimulus which has no affect and it is called the neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus can be a person, place, or thing. The neutral stimulus, in classical conditioning, does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus.…
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Classical conditioning occurs when we learn to link two stimuli and anticipate events. It is a type of learning that is majorly influenced by behaviorism. Behaviorism assumes that all learning occurs through interaction with the environment and the environment shapes behavior. Two critical components of classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus is one that naturally and automatically triggers a response. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the stimulus. A conditioned response is the result after an association between the USC and CS occurs. Classical conditioning…
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Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a potent stimulus obtains the ability to evoke an innate response that was originally elicited by a neutral stimulus. In classical conditioning, a UR is an event that occurs naturally in response to some stimuli. On the other hand, a UR is the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without learning. A CS in classical conditioning is an originally neutral stimulus that, through learning, comes to be associated with some unlearned responses. Finally, a CR is the learned response to the originally neutral but now conditioned stimulus (CITE BOOK). These are the basic components involved in classical conditioning. Classical conditioning theory was first discovered and described…
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Classical conditioning is a method of conditioning in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus. I consider classical conditioning to be very important because it’s such an efficient way of teaching, training or conditioning people or animals, especially children. Classical conditioning could be used for psychological distress like phobias. For example, Mary cover jones put a child with a fear of rabbits in a room with the rabbit far way. Then she gave him his favorite food and put the rabbit closer. Associating the pleasure of food with the feared object made him no longer scared of rabbits. This applies to my life because my mom used this method when she raised me. I was scared of riding my bike because I fell off it once. So every time I attempted pedaling she would give me a dollar. Finally she put 5 dollars all way down the street and told me to bike there and get it; making me lose my phobia of bikes.…
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The idea of classical condition is one of the most notable learning techniques because it involves a stimulus rewarded for a certain response. Naturally, animals and human have unconditioned stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response. The most common connection is the correlation between food and salivation. Food naturally draws organism to it in order to satisfy a drive created by hunger to acquire homeostasis. A response is created because of the organism’s reaction to food, which is usually salivation. Classical conditioning is considered an effective way to train an organism to learn habits not naturally associated with certain unconditioned stimulus. This creates a conditioned stimulus. The once unconditioned response is now conditioned to respond to the conditioned stimulus, which is called a conditioned stimulus. An example of conditioned stimulus and response is the example of associating the school bell with food. Children are hungry by nature, but when the school bell is added, the children are reinforced to associate the school bell with lunchtime. Classical…
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Classical conditioning is a phenomenon in which two stimuli are associated, creating a reflex response. There are three examples of classical conditioning. My first example is my boyfriend, he wears a certain type of cologne that I am used to smelling when I am around him. Now whenever I smell that scent I get happy. The cologne is a unconditioned stimulus and the reaction is a unconditioned response. Secondly, whenever I got surgery I was given pain killers after which made me sick. Even today when someone mentions pain killers or that kind of medicine I get sick. M last example for classical conditioning is my fear of flies. On television there was a show on how flies puke on everything they land on. Now whenever I am around flies I get scared and freak-out, because I don't want them on me.…
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Classical conditioning was one form of simple association. Pavlov made it clear during experiments that when a subject is given a stimulus and is then either punished or rewarded, the subject learns to associate the reward or punishment with that particular stimulus. Pavlov used hungry dogs that would begin to salivate when a tone was played. This happened because the dogs were always fed immediately after hearing the tone. This is classical conditioning.…
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❖ If someone says: “I do not mind the heat, I’ve gotten used to it” - it means their body learned to adjust to the heat (has become conditioned)…
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