why enhancing and healing uses of weak neurotoxin can be effective for fairly lengthy time periods.
why enhancing and healing uses of weak neurotoxin can be effective for fairly lengthy time periods.
The incubation period for Clostridium tetani Infection is from three to twenty - one days. In most cases tetanus is found within 10 days of contact with the bacteria. The incubation period is depending on the severity of the infection. When the wound is deep or more infected with the C. tetani the incubation period will be shorter and the chances of death are high. When contacted with C. tetani some of the symptoms can include involuntary muscle tightening such as stiffness in the jaw which is why it tetanus is also known for lockjaw. Other common symptoms that can occur are headache, fevers, and an elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Tetanus infection can last up to six months or more, depending on the severity and if it is treated as soon as possible. It is possible for death to occur if not treated on time. Researchers have not found a cure but have found how to fight back the bacteria. This disease is run by the Central Nervous System in which control the movement of the body. Other complications that can occur if someone has C. tetani can include having fractured bones due to all the movement of the body. Also complications with breathing because the passageway of air in the throat.…
1) acute inflammation/infection of the peripheral nervous system due to the chicken pox virus a) variciella virus…
Cross-reactive immune attack by host Ab & T cell with are directed against the pathogen & nerve components.…
Clostridium difficile grows without oxygen and in normal temperature of 98.6 that is why the body makes a perfect host. C.difficile exists in two states-the vegetative (growth) state or the spore state. In the vegetative state the bacterium is able to use nutrients to grow and divide. When conditions become unfavorable, C.difficile is able to enter a dormant state and form a highly resistant spore. When conditions become favorable C. difficile is able to return to its vegetative state. Spores can survive up to two years on inanimate objects. C. difficile causes disease by the release of two protein enterotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which cause severe inflammation and mucosal injury to the colon-colitis.…
A. Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycrobacterium leprae, is a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy worldwide; although it is treatable, the damaged caused by the disease is irreversible. In Sannu’s case, why is there both sensory loss and muscle weakness?…
Clostridium Difficile is an infectious disease that is healthcare related requiring immediate attention by hospital staff. If left untreated this disease can become fatal. The mortality rate for patients that are diagnosed with severe Clostridium Difficile is 30 to 85 percent of patients that h better education for staff about the symptoms and means of spreading , prescribing fewer antibiotics unnecessarily, and introducing ways to help the patient deal with the antibiotics, and berrer hand washing for all staff ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). By making sure, that all health providers clean their hands with soap and water before and after caring for a patient, we can prevent the spread of this infection ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). Treatment for Clostridium Difficile can depend on the severity of the symptoms that are presented (Keske & Letizia, 2010).…
Tetanus or also known as Lockjaw is caused a Clostridium tetani bacterium which produces a highly dangerous toxin that affects the brain and the nervous system. Tetanus was well known to ancient people who also recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1897 Edmond Nocard proved that tetanus antitoxin gave passive immunity in humans and could be used for treatment. In 1924 P.Descombey developed the vaccine which was used to prevent tetanus induced by battle wounds. Clostridium tetani spores can be found anywhere most commonly found in animal manure and contaminated soil. When the Clostridium tetani spores enter the body they multiply rapidly and release a neurotoxin which affects the nervous system. Clostridium tetani enters the body from cuts, wounds or other punctures on the surface of the body; it can also enter the body by burns, animal bites, using dirty needles, tattoos, body piercing, circumcision, etc. However…
Botulism is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by toxins produced from Clostridium botulinum. Food borne botulism most commonly occurs when food has been improperly processed or stored. Witoonpanich (2008) stated that while mass contamination of commercial food products occasionally occurs, most cases of botulism can be directly linked to home canned products or in small batch "artisanal" foods.…
Tara Dactyl was a 6-year-old girl from Jurassic Park, Maryland. She was admitted into the hospital two days ago from experiencing paralysis in her face, muscle weakness and slurred speech. Doctors have been working nonstop to find out what is wrong, hoping she does not become completely paralyzed. They are waiting for lab results to come back from Tara’s feces sample. The doctors think that Tara is experiencing botulism or Guillan-Barre Syndrome, both have similar symptoms. The thing doctors should be expecting and looking for is me, Clostridium botulinum.…
A. Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is leading cause of peripheral neuropathy worldwide; although it is treatable, the damage caused by the disease is irreversible. In Sannu’s case, why is there both sensory loss and muscle weakness?…
According to James Caya, a doctor who researched Clostridium botulinum in Arch Pathol Lab Med, mentioned that Botulism is a rare, yet deadly disease in the United States and mostly worldwide (Caya 653). Based from the World Health Organization, “Botulism is characterized by symmetrical, descending, flaccid paralysis of motor and autonomic nerves usually beginning with cranial nerves. It occurs when neuromuscular transmission is interrupted by a protein neurotoxin produced by the spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum” (World Health Organization 5). Based from James Caya, he mentioned that the first outbreak of botulism happened in the southern Germany in 1700s, where 13 people consumed sausages that contained this bacterium.…
A neuromuscular junction is a place in the body where the axons of motor nerves meet the muscle, thus transmitting messages from the brain which cause the muscle to contract and relax. Every organism has thousands of neuromuscular joints which are the locations and means by which the motor neuron of the nervous system that instructs the muscle cells of the muscular systems to take action. Action that , in turn lead to movements of muscles and other structures such as the tissues, bones, limbs that are controlled by muscles and it also causes the heart to beat. The neuromuscular joint is one of many connects made between nerves and other parts of the body which result in a successfully functioning organism. The neuromuscular junction is crucial for life and begin forming early in fetal development. As motor neurons develop, a protein called agrin is made. This stimulates the formation of a muscle specific kinase, which will build receptors for acetylcholine on the surface of the muscle fiber. Thus a neuromuscular junction is formed, with the neuron itself emitting the needed chemical for development. A neuromuscular joint begins with a neuron or nerve cell. Neurons also have long tails called an axon which terminated in dendrites, a bundle of fibers which can transmit chemicals to the next neuron. In the instance of a neuromuscular joint, a neuron can control many muscles, but each muscle can only respond to one neuron. Each muscle is individually stimulated by a motor neuron In order for muscles cells to contract. Nerve impulse traveling down the motor neuron of the sensory somatic branch of the nervous system causes the skeletal muscle fibers at which they terminate to contract. The junction between the terminal of the motor neuron and a fiber muscle is called a neuromuscular junction. The impulse reaches the terminal end of the motor neuron and breaks open the synaptic vesicles, releasing the…
Botulism is a serious illness that causes flaccid paralysis of muscles. It is caused by a neurotoxin, generically called botulinum toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum (and rarely by C. butyricum and C. baratii). There are seven distinct neurotoxins (types A-G) that Clostridium botulinum produces, but types A, B, and E (and rarely F) are the most common that produce the flaccid paralysis in humans. The other types mainly cause disease in animals and birds, which also develop flaccid paralysis. Most Clostridium species produce only one type of neurotoxin; however, the effects of A, B, E, or F on humans are essentially the same. Botulism is not transmitted person to person. Botulism develops if a person ingests the toxin (or rarely, if it is inhaled or injected) or if the Clostridium spp. organisms grow in the intestines or wounds in the body and toxin is released.…
➢ It is an inflammatory disease that destroys the nerves of the spinal cord and the central nervous system (Saunders, 2011).…
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, Pathogens such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with many diseases can alter one's perspective on life, and their personality. Diseases are caused by a variety of pathogens which have developed ways of infecting our bodies. The lesson in this section offer students the opportunity to learn about the different types of organisms which cause disease, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoans.…