References: Macavei, B. (2005). The Role of Irrational Beliefs in the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Depression. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=9ad88650-04e2-482a-a3a8-bf1f672d5913%40sessionmgr4005&hid=4109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=18046159…
Depression can be a major catalyst for disrupt behavior and unusual patterns of actions which are sometimes difficult to justify. Many are suffering through mild phases of sadness brought up from the loss of a family member, a relationship break up, a job loss, or simply from hereditary components. In fact, more severe conditions can lead to clinical depression that can affect individuals psychologically, biologically, emotionally, and socially. A more particular approach of Joseph Wesbecker 's case of major depression will be analyze in this paper in which the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components will be described for a better understanding to why Joseph 's depression led him to suicidal act.…
Ingram, R. E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z. V. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.…
39. Under the Social-Cognitive Perspective: How has Depression’s Vicious Cycle influenced the development of mood disorders? What are the steps in the cycle?…
Knaus EdD, W.J. (2012). The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Workbook for Depression. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc…
Explanatory models of any disorder usually also encompass the person's perception about the nature of their problem, severity, causes, prognosis and even its treatment preferences. Dissonance between the explanatory models of the patient and the treatment professional, can have a significant impact on the health seeking behavior of the patient, as well as long term compliance to the treatment. Therefore, there is a crucial relationship between the explanatory models and the treatment of any psychological disorder. In this paper, we discuss the two explanatory models of depression – the biological predisposition model and the social context model, using the review of existing literature on depression. In both these models, we look at the various…
Over the years, it has been evident that many scholars, researchers, and mental health professionals in the psychology field are heavily relying on college/university students when studying mental health conditions. More specifically, a prominent mental condition that has dramatically risen over the years in its prevalence is what most people encounter at least once in their lifetime but the extreme aspects of this disorder causes excruciating emotional pain and is highly debilitating. This disorder is depression. Depression is a disorder on a spectrum and the more extreme the illness is, the higher level of damaging effects it has, incapacitating an individual. Moreover the diagnosis, impact, and effect of depression vary from person to person. Almost everyone feels melancholic and depressed at one point in time due to external factors that they are faced with, but a clinical diagnosis is made when the ‘depressed’ state of mind takes control of one’s life and becomes detrimental to their health. For example, it can take a toll on one’s health and intervene with one’s lifestyle limiting their ability to do several things such as working, interacting with individuals, finding the energy to do things and so forth. According to the DSM IV model, an individual who suffers from major depressive disorder must have symptoms of depression such that they either have a depressed mood or a loss of interest/lack of pleasure in daily activities consistently for at least a period of 2 weeks. This requirement excludes depressed moods caused by substance use such as drugs, alcohol and medications.…
Seligman observed the same thing in humans. According to his research he saw that humans with depression made little or no attempt to resolve their problems. But Seligman’s theory was not able to explain the self blame or blaming others characteristic of depression. Later he came to realise the importance of cognitions and how a depressed person views negative events in a pessimistic way. Seligman is seen as the link between the behaviourist and cognitive explanations. Abramson et al’s theory is a logical development of learned helplessness theory. According to this theory the depressed patient faced an experience of failure, traits the failure in a way according to 3 variables. The three variables are internal or external, stable or unstable and gobal or specific. In internal person blames themselves, external person blames others. With stable person thinks things will stay as it is whereas in unstable person belives things will improve. In global failure applies in all other situations and in specfic failure applies only to this…
Depression is a mental illness characterised by extreme sadness and usually people suffering with it are full of guilt but cannot always state why they feel that way. Depression has become a fairly common mental illness as Kessler et al (1994b) found that around 17% of people will experience a major episode of depression during their life.…
Although science isn’t certain of the exact mechanism that causes the onset of clinical depression, however, that uncertainly did not quell the firestorm of speculations about what was the impetus of clinical depression in human. For centuries mankind has speculated about what triggered it and continued in to the Renaissance. Philosophers and scientist supposed that bodily fluids called humors were responsible for our moods and personality. The black bile they called it, was the one that caused depression. And by the 17th Century, dualism- the separation of mind and body was the doctrine shaping the argument at the time. Subsequently, it was asserted that depression was a disease of the mind and came about as a result of something being off-centered in an individual’s physical or social environment. As the 20th century emerged, the man credited with being the father of psychoanalysis believed that a dysfunction of the brain would explain mental illness. As neuroscience advanced over the years, assessments by neuroscientist came to know that many cases of psychopathology surfaced because of dysfunctions in particular brain structures or particular brain chemicals.…
Depression is a mood disorder and the biomedical model portrays one way in which it can be understood. The biomedical model focuses on biological factors alone in an attempt to explain an illness or a disorder. It describes illnesses as disturbances within the human body that can be altered and corrected. Very unlike the biopsychosocial model, it doesn’t include other factors that may contribute to a disorder such as their psychological state or their social context. The biomedical model focuses on activities within the brain alone that can cause disorders like depression. In this assignment I will explain how biological processes in the brain can arguably be perceived to cause depression.…
One particularly influential theorist and practitioner, Aaron Beck, argues that depression is not so much a disturbance of the emotions as cognition, but is the negative views that a person holds towards themselves and the world which make them feel depressed - not the other way around.…
Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T. & Alford, B. F. (1999) Scientific Foundations of Cognitive Theory and Therapy of Depression. New York: Wiley and Sons Ltd.…
Depression is the most common mental disorder, not only for adults, but for children and teenagers as well. The DSM-IV classifies depression as a mood disorder. It states that an individual has suffered a “major depressive episode” if certain symptoms persist for at least two weeks, including a loss of enjoyment in previously pleasurable activities, a sad or irritable mood, a significant change in weight or appetite, problems sleeping or concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness. These symptoms of depression fall into four categories: mood, cognitive, behavioral, and physical. Depression affects how individuals feel, think, behave, and how their bodies work. People with depression may experience symptoms in any or all of the categories, depending on personal characteristics and the severity of the depression. Although depression is usually first noticed during the teen or early adult years, a person can have an episode of depression at any age. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to be 2% in children and 6% in adolescents and up to 25% of adults age >60 experience MDD, dysthymic disorder, or “minor” depression. Although diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder is similar among all patients, its symptoms and course may be atypical in children, adolescents, and older adults. Awareness of these varying clinical manifestations can facilitate early recognition and treatment. Although diagnosis and treatment of depression is similar regardless of a patient’s age, younger and older patients may not exhibit typical depressive symptoms.…
Depression is a common mental health disorder, according to the Centers for Disease Control (2011) depression affects 1 in 10 Americans in the U.S. alone. Depression does not know race, ethnicity, age or gender. “The cognitive perspective on the cause of depression believes that depression can be caused by faulty thinking, low-self-esteem, a negative outlook on life, or influenced on ones gender, race, socioeconomic status, levels of social support, and stress or other environmental events” (Capella University, 2013). Cognitive relates to conscious intellectual activity such as thinking, reasoning, and remembering (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2013). Early life trauma, stress and how it affects the genes and the environment all fall under the umbrella of the cognitive perspective. They can all play a role on the cause of depression. This paper will discuss how early life trauma can predict depression as well as effect genes that cause depression, and will also discuss how a neighborhood can influence depression.…