COMMON ACIDS and ALKALIS in DAILY LIFE
10.1 COMMON ACIDS and ALKALIS in DAILY LIFE
A. ACIDS
1) In our daily life, there are many foods, drinks and flavourings that taste sour. e.g. yoghurt’ lemons and vinegar.
2) They taste sour because they contain acids, which give the sour taste.
e.g. Yoghurt contains lactic acid. Lemons contain citric acid.
Vinegar contains ethanoic acid.
3) Many household cleaners and personal care products also contain acids.
e.g. Toilet bowl cleaners contain hydrochloric acid. Some body lotions contain stearic acid.
B. ALKALIS
1) Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery.
2) Soap contains alkalis. Alkalis are the chemical opposite of acids.
3) Toothpaste and baking soda also contain alkalis.
4) Alkalis are commonly used in household cleaners.
5) e.g. i) Glass cleaners contain ammonia. ii) Drain cleaners and oven cleaners usually contain sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
10.2 ACIDS and ALKALIS in the LABORATORY
Common ACIDS in the Laboratory
Common ALKALIS in the Laboratory hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid nitric acid sodium hydroxides solution potassium hydroxide solution calcium hydroxide solution ammonia solution
Safety Precautions when Handling Acids and Alkalis
1) Many acids and alkalis are irritant or corrosive. That’s why we have to take precautions when handling them.
2) Wear safety goggles and gloves.
3) DO NOT use too much acids or alkalis at a time.
4) DO NOT pour chemical waste containing acids or alkalis into the sink. Pour it into waste bottles.
Emergency Treatments Involving Acids and Alkalis
*Stay calm and tell the teacher as soon as possible.
Spillage on skin or clothes
- Wash the affected area under slow running water immediately for at least 10 mins.
- Remove the affected clothes.
Getting into the Eyes
- Wash the affected area with an eye-wash bottle or under slow running water immediately for at least 10 minutes.
- Avoid spreading the water into the unaffected eye.
Spillage on Bench or
A. ACIDS
1) In our daily life, there are many foods, drinks and flavourings that taste sour. e.g. yoghurt’ lemons and vinegar.
2) They taste sour because they contain acids, which give the sour taste.
e.g. Yoghurt contains lactic acid. Lemons contain citric acid.
Vinegar contains ethanoic acid.
3) Many household cleaners and personal care products also contain acids.
e.g. Toilet bowl cleaners contain hydrochloric acid. Some body lotions contain stearic acid.
B. ALKALIS
1) Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery.
2) Soap contains alkalis. Alkalis are the chemical opposite of acids.
3) Toothpaste and baking soda also contain alkalis.
4) Alkalis are commonly used in household cleaners.
5) e.g. i) Glass cleaners contain ammonia. ii) Drain cleaners and oven cleaners usually contain sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
10.2 ACIDS and ALKALIS in the LABORATORY
Common ACIDS in the Laboratory
Common ALKALIS in the Laboratory hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid nitric acid sodium hydroxides solution potassium hydroxide solution calcium hydroxide solution ammonia solution
Safety Precautions when Handling Acids and Alkalis
1) Many acids and alkalis are irritant or corrosive. That’s why we have to take precautions when handling them.
2) Wear safety goggles and gloves.
3) DO NOT use too much acids or alkalis at a time.
4) DO NOT pour chemical waste containing acids or alkalis into the sink. Pour it into waste bottles.
Emergency Treatments Involving Acids and Alkalis
*Stay calm and tell the teacher as soon as possible.
Spillage on skin or clothes
- Wash the affected area under slow running water immediately for at least 10 mins.
- Remove the affected clothes.
Getting into the Eyes
- Wash the affected area with an eye-wash bottle or under slow running water immediately for at least 10 minutes.
- Avoid spreading the water into the unaffected eye.
Spillage on Bench or