Aristotle used the term logos to refer to logical appeals, pathos to refer to emotional appeals, and ethos to refer to credibility. With these, he created classical and traditional rhetoric theories. He believed that in a perfect world logic alone would be enough to persuade, however he also acknowledged that in the real world, effective arguments depend on both logical and emotional appeals that have to be given by a writer/speaker with good established credibility. He also named intelligence, character, and goodwill as attributes that produce credibility.…
I believe the decision of the people, equality, and freedom of speech are the most vital features of a democracy. The majority of the people’s opinions are expressed through modern democracy and implemented on the society.…
Aristotle was a Greece philosopher lived from 384BC to 322BC. He wrote and taught many subjects in his career. One of his incredible writings included Rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art used to persuade or motivate an audience. Persuasion is an art used as a tool to change people’s belief, behavior, or even there attitude towards certain things. The Greece philosophers believed that to be truly effective to the audience you had to use a motivational way. The three ways Aristotle covered in Rhetoric subject was Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.…
The pen, at least in ancient Greece, often times proved to be mightier than the sword. As Victoria Wohl said in “Rhetoric of the Athenian citizen,” “citizenship…was defined by speech, the citizen’s right to speak his mind freely in the Assembly” (162). To be able to defend oneself, discuss law, work for the courts, be on jury was part of being a citizen in Greece. Because speech was so important, how words were said and pieced together held even greater significance. People would often hire, logographers, or speechmakers, to create an ethopoeia, or a character that brought the speech alive, for the person who needed a compelling speech or argument.…
In The Declaration Of Independence and The American Crisis, Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine use certain appeals to achieve their purposes which is to inform their intended audiences about the importance of the situations that they are expressing. These authors appeal to their audiences by using their own reasoning, personal experiences, presenting themselves as good characters, using facts, details, and emotional experiences as well. Thomas and Paine both try to be persuasive to their audiences and they do so by trying to attract the attention of the readers.…
It is true that his period had many achievements, but in the light of the…
One more prominent figure in the classical history of rhetoric is Plato (428-347 B.C). Plato believed that the purpose of philosophy was to discover truth that should be independent of any special calculation of interest; he was suspicious of rhetoric because he thought it lacked any concern with a truth that was separate from the speaker’s interest. An opposition therefore developed in the classical period between rhetoric and dialectic (1), dialectic gave equal weight to both sides of an argument, while rhetoric was concerned with persuasion from a particular perspective rather than presenting a balanced point of view. For Plato, rhetoric was deceptive, because it only showed a perspective that fitted with the speaker’s point of view.…
In the Gorgias1, Socrates says, “I think that I am the only or almost the only Athenian living who practices the true art of politics; I am the only politician of my time”, while in the Apology2, he claims that “he who will really fight for the right, if he would live even for a little while, must have a private station and not a public one.” As we know, Socrates did manage to live for over 70 years, and did indeed confine himself to a private stance; but how can one be a politician without being a public figure? Or was Socrates not a true champion of justice, as he maintained to be?…
Ancient Athens was not truly democratic. First off, democracy is a system of government in which power is invested in the people who rule either directly or through freely elected represenative. An example of democracy; You have two treats, the dogs can pick only one treat to eat. I will let them both pick, and not only one. Democracy is equal. Ancient Athens wasn’t.…
Socrates suggests that rhetoric, practiced by Gorgias, is not an area of expertise or “tekhne” as they describe. Socrates believes that it is just a branch of flattery. The definition of flattery is such: Flattery is a representation of false arts in Socrates’ opinion. People who try and create good impressions just for excitement and pleasure are practicing flattery. Socrates states that the false arts are standing against the true forms of art, which target the good for its own sake. Socrates tries to prove this in his writing.…
Socrates, one of the greatest minds go Ancient Greece’s was no exception. As a sophist, Socrates was considered a teacher of the noble. Sophist of Greed taught young men ’arete’: excellence or virtue for a price. However, Socrates wasn’t a regular sophist, he never accepted any monetary reward for his ’teachings“ (b316,p813) and he never actually taught anything but rather trained minds to think. Socrates states at the trail that he doesn’t have any true knowledge and he believed that in order to have any true knowledge one must be able to produce a single, clear definition of a subject without any exclusions to the rule, something that he was never able believed that he couldn’t do.Rather than use he own opinions to teach his pupils what to think, Socrates used ”systematic questioning“ (b136p813) to help clear their own minds and reach their own conclusions just by thinking. A skill that they could carry forward, into their lives as Athenian citizens. With this in mind, it is nearly impossible for the Athenians government to find Socrates guilty of…
A relativist would react to “What makes you happy might be one thing, but what makes another person happy could be entirely different, so do not impose your lifestyle on other people” by agreeing with the statement about not inflicting your lifestyle on someone else. Relativists believe you cannot urge morality on others. Even if it is someone who you share a primary relationship with, you can not make any judgement on what decisions they make. Relativists do not judge others, so if something very immoral makes you happy, a relativist can not impose on your choice of being immoral. Relativism says that all culture is good and all culture is bad; it’s the same thing as happiness, it can be good or bad but you can not judge a persons happiness whether it is good or bad. Overall, a relativist would never impose on someone’s lifestyle even if something totally different makes them happy, or even if what makes one happy is completely wrong and immoral.…
In Aristotle's Politics, he focuses much on the regimes of an oligarchy and of a democracy. Democracies exists when the free and poor, being a majority, have authority to rule, and have an equal share in the city. Oligarchies exists when the few wealthy and better born have authority and grant benefits in proportion to a person's wealth (1280a:10-30;1290a:5-10).…
The three branches of the United States government are modeled after three parts of Athenian democracy. Athenian democracy implemented three institutions that ran their government. While Athenian democracy was made up of the Ekklesia, the Boule, and Dikasteria, American democracy is made up of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch. There is a close resemblance in the Legislative and Judicial branches of American democracy and the Ekklesia, the Boule, and Dikasteria institutions of Athenian democracy.…
The source of Socrates’ suspicion of the democracy stems from the argument that the general public is ignorant and therefore lacks the knowledge or truth to make the best decision for government. The foundation of democracy is based on majority rule, however because the majority is unaware of what truly is good for them, by virtue of their ignorance, the masses are not capable of electing a leader fit to run the state or government. Socrates contends that due to mass ignorance, the majority will vote in favor of what is more pursuable rather than what is logical (459b). Therefore, the consequence of democracy is inherent corruption in the governing structure due to ignorance.…