| Gutenberg's printing press = Renaissance ideas spread... Religion = Art Pope wanted to make a new dome for sistine chapel. Michelangelo was asked to paint it. the pope needed $ to build so he sold indulgences. Luther was against this... Church art frequently featured holy figures, Protestants (iconoclasts) didn't like this... Church leaders were frequently patrons of artists…
Peter the Great was considered on of the greatest czar of all Russian history. He did attempt to build a bigger army to overpower other European countries, but that costed a great deal of money and a raise in taxes. In 1700, he went to war with Sweden, raging on for 21 years. As Russia took on the victory of the battle, they gained power over the Baltic Sea and transformed the Russian Tsardom into the Russian Empire. Soon, Russia became the world’s top producer in cast-iron melting.…
2. . Catherine the Great: German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after the assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule…
Austria, Prussia, and Russia all were absolute nations. Prussia and Russia were known for being very powerful states, though Austria was was being weakened at the time because almost everyone was against the Hapsburgs. Although some of their military, political, and social factors came quite close, each of the states specifically used each one to contribute to their rise to Absolutism.…
The early modern era marked an important watershed for the development of the modern state. Louis XVI of France and Fredrick the great elector of Brandenburg-Prussia are exemplars of an absolutist monarch, but the similarities and differences in their approach would have far-reaching consequences for Europe as a whole. The first important aspect of centralization was the consolidation of the military. Both Louis and Fredrick reformed and reorganized their armies, commissioning new weapons, uniforms and organizational systems, continuing the trend towards professionalization and expansion. There were differences in the degree of focus on the army – Frederick utilized more resources relative to those available to him; however, overall the method of reform for the army was similar for both these absolutist monarchs, whom wished…
C. Peter the Great gained many territories from 1700 to 1721. Peter the Great led Russia in a war against Sweden. From this war, Russia gained control over territory along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. This land gave Russia a direct approach by water to the rest of Europe. Peter attacked Persia and conquered territory along the Caspian Sea. These conquests helped Russia to expand its trade with other countries.…
Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most influential women in the history of Europe, having been a queen to rulers of both France and England, along with having significant political and economic power in her own right. She served as an example to all women, during a period where there was increasing development in the female s role in society. Eleanor was a patron of the arts, and she was also a powerful personality, influencing the politics of the day with the help of her sons, and maintaining a certain degree of control over the monarchy even after her marriage to Henry had ended.…
Austria and Prussia did not want to offend Alexander, so they joined their kingdoms to Alexander's creation, agreeing with Alexander that the "sublime truths" of Christianity ought to guide relations between nations and guide the domestic affairs of nations. Strong religious conviction, they held, was necessary for maintaining upright and loyal subjects. The rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia agreed that challenges to their authoritarian rule by liberalism and revolution ought to remain suppressed. Within Russia, Tsar Alexander I had to reform the state of Russia quite a bit as territories such as Poland and Finland were at risk of being lost due to nationalistic movements within them . Therefore, the Tsar decided to try to unify Poland with Russia, giving them a similar constitution to the one in Russia. Being enlightened by western and philosophical theories, Alexander successfully modernized the highly traditional monarchy in Russia and began the process of creating a constitutional monarchy. It was Alexander who felt that the key to successful constitutional rule was the abolition of serfdom, an institution that dominated Russia for more than 600 years, in order to boost the nation’s economy. A plan to abolish…
18th centuries in Europe is marked by the rise of two new power, Russia and Prussia. These two countries came into power within a few generation because of two powerful and wise leaders. These two leaders reformed and expanded their empire. Peter the Great reformed the Old Russian social system and reformed the country, while Fredrick the Great of Prussia fought and won the impossible war with Austria, and reform and reorganized Prussia’s army to become Europe’s finest professional army. Although both brought their countries into greatness, their reason and policies are different in some areas, and similar in some.…
Many places that were enlightened during around the Enlightened Age were actually absolute monarchs. The question here is where these monarchs lead by truly enlightened leaders or were they just using a scheme to promote themselves and to keep their positions. It is hard to tell which Catherine the Great is. To find out, you must look at her personality, situation, foreign policies, and economical, social, and political domestic policies. By looking at these, you can see she was, for the most part, enlightened to her in her reign of power and to gain support.…
Absolutism has a great power that monarch, monarchy is the type of country that tends to be reported to the awe and respect.…
When you think of Peter I or Peter the Great, as he gave himself that name, one thinks of Russia and the many Tsars that ruled this interesting part of the world. To learn of Peter the Great is to explore his life during 1682 . Peter was responsible for bringing Russia out of darkness and into a more civilized country in hopes that Russia, the Motherland, would gain the respect of the rest of the European theatre and become a great power. To do this required many changes and reforms which Peter the Great was responsible for. Although not completely successful in his reforms, Peter the Great had the attitude that he could never fail. Russia, considered by other countries as primitive, was at no point prepared to expand its territory or even be considered a threat by others with all the internal conflicts happening in the diverse land. Peter the Great was the answer to the lack of respect by the Western world, as he was raised differently than any other tsars or family that came before him. This upbringing will show the attitude and demeanor with which Peter the Great was able to meet the needs of the state. Previous to Peter the Great, the state had never…
With the arrival of the Mongols or Tatars, Russia contacts with the west were cut off, causing Russia to miss numerous key transformations in Europe, such as the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. Therefore, Russia 's politics, economy, and intellectual developments began to lag behind that of Europe. With the installment of Catherine the Great as empress in 1762, a process of "westernization" had already begun. Throughout this process, Catherine took great interest in western art and architecture, constructing the city of St. Petersburg using popular western styles. The Russian nobility also sent their children to Europe to be educated. The contacts with the west throughout the civilization of Kievan Rus ' were significant and most likely due to the religious evangelism of the Christian missionaries. Competing with the Roman Catholic missionaries to gain converts, the Orthodox missionaries increased their activity as well. With the Mongol arrival, contacts with the west diminished…
great of Russia was able to rule absolutely over Russia.Catherine the Great of Russia was an Enlightened ruler because she installed Enlightened ideas into her absolute monarchy.She met with Enlightenment thinkers Voltaire and Diderot. Elizabeth I of England was able to combine strength with cleverness in order to make England flourish. Elizabeth I…
Catherine was able to win many wars against the Ottoman empire making it easier for her to expand the Russian borders. As she strengthen the soldiers for battle she was reforming the government at the same time. Before Catherine the government was not in good shape and many rebellions were happening.…