In the Prolegomena, Kant addresses
In the Prolegomena, Kant addresses
References: Hasker, W. (1983). Metaphysics: Constructing a World View. (1st ed.). Downers Grove: IL: InterVarsity Press.…
In philosophy, a term known as metaphysics, referred to the writings of Aristotle nearly three centuries after his death. Metaphysics is the area of philosophy that attempts to understand the basic nature of all reality, whether it is seen or indistinguishable we try to relate to our existence. It seeks a description so basic that it applies to everything, whether divine or human. In short, metaphysics attempts to enlighten what anything must be like in order to be at all. To call one a metaphysician in this traditional, philosophical sense indicates nothing more than his or her interest in attempting to discover what underlies everything. Old materialists, who said that there is nothing but matter in motion, and current naturalists, who say that everything is made of lifeless, non-experiencing energy, are just as much to be classified as metaphysicians as are idealists, who maintain that there is nothing but ideas, or mind, or spirit (Metaphysics, par 2). The major schools of thought in relation with metaphysics are realism, idealism, materialism, determinism, and libertarianism.…
Explain how two selected, contrasting business organisations have responded to competitive pressures to develop their use of e-business. Care should be taken in the selection of these organisations so that learners can obtain information to attempt M2, for which they need to have built on the descriptions of competitive forces and linked these to the actions taken by organisations in response to competitive pressures.…
In 250 to 500 words, based on Aristotle’s science of the first philosophy, analyze how Aristotle’s metaphysics may guide contemporary people to knowledge about the world.…
"A large part of Kant's work addresses the question 'What can we know?' The answer, if it can be stated simply, is that our knowledge is constrained to mathematics and the science of the natural, empirical world. It is impossible, Kant argues, to extend knowledge to the supersensible realm of speculative metaphysics. The reason that knowledge has these constraints, Kant…
In Kant’s book, The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, he believes that the “good will” is only good in itself and that reason is what produces the “goodness” of the “good will.” According to Kant, to act out of a “good will” means to act out of “duty,” or doing something because you find it necessary to do. Also, “good will” is will that is in accordance with reason. He believes everyone has a moral obligation or duty to do actions and he backs his theory up by discussing his idea of the “moral law.”…
Metaphysics itself takes on characteristics of dogma, while its dogmatic use without critique lands us in groundless assertions, to which other assertions, equally plausible, can always be opposed, and hence is skepticism. By virtue of the above statements grounded in their procedure, and by the examples noted, defined, and categorized according to Kant himself skepticism becomes self-refuting. However, this is only the case, according to Kant’s definitions if metaphysics is looked upon as dogmatic. The bigger problem is that metaphysics as a science cannot deal with objects of reason, but of reason itself imposed upon it by its own…
Metaphysics is the philosophical study that asks the question of what is real. It is the ancient's point of view on reality. There are three answers to the metaphysical question. Monism which states that reality is one and it is the eastern philosophy. Dualism which sees reality as two conflicting forces and the last pluralism which is reality is many. Hierarchy is rooted at pluralism. First we need to define hierarchy as the ancients defined it. Hierarchy is defined as the higher incorporated and transfigure the lower and the lower images the higher. Aristotle outline of hierarchy is the perfect example of how hierarchy works and it defines hierarchy by itself. The lowest level is the inanimate which are simply characterized by their self-identity which is the tendency of something to remain it self and keep its identity, after inanimate comes the plants with their ability to reproduce. Next are animals that are described as being able to feel sensations. After are the humans, characterized by their desire to reason and deliberate, then the gods defined by being immortal, and finally the forms which are not things but patterns of energy that are eternal. Even in each level of hierarchy there can be a higher and lower but something that is higher needs to have more power to operate according to its nature. An example is a student desk and an office desk, they are both inanimate but the office desk is higher in the order than the student desk because it fulfills its duty as a desk better; it operates better according to its nature.…
Metaphysics is the “ultimate reality” the leader has set. This is the way in which the leader perceives the world and the goal they set to achieve within this perception. Although the leader possesses an “ultimate reality”, these realities are not always achievable.…
Unitarianism and Kant’s theories both seem simple when just looking at them at their surfaces. Unitarianism is all about analyzing if an action is taken how much happiness or pleasure would be a result of that action, but it is really not that simple (pg 743). There are marginal humans who pleasure cannot be measured for. Then there is Kant’s theory which is about duty and following said duty. The duty that Kant talks about is a categorical imperative. Categorical imperative is assumed to always be the right choice given every situation, but that is not always the case. Thus, neither theory is very compelling because there are many example of each where they contradict themselves or do not make sense when the theories are applied.…
Every day we are given a fresh start; another chance to move forward in our lives and accomplish the things we thrive to achieve day to day. A new day can also liberate us from our past mistakes and provide us with a chance to change our ways. We are all faced with misery and misfortune at points in our lives, some more than others. We must recognize that it is not the burden in itself that shapes who we are, but how well or how poorly we deal with the difficulties. Sometimes misfortunes can be seen in a negative light; because it seems unjust, therefore we response in a negative matter, and become negligent to change. Overcoming tragic events is what truly counts, for we are meant to live happily and in acceptance that there are things that we cannot change. In many cases, individuals seem to feel as though they’ve lost an amount so great that they are unable to free themselves of the pain. This perspective often leads to further suffering. A Temporary Matter by Jhumpa Lahou and Kiss Me by Andrew Pyper demonstrate a loss of identity, negligence towards communication, and eventually leading to the destruction of a relationship.…
According to Brian Garrett of Australian National University, metaphysics is concerned with the nature and identity of objects.1 In order to increase understanding of the identity of objects, puzzles of constitution and identity are used by philosophers. There is a puzzle common in metaphysics: the Ship of Theseus, which was believed to…
The categorical imperative describes Kant’s account for morality’s absolute and unconditional commandment, which dictates rational beings’ moral obligations and duties. From the notion and understanding of a ‘good will’, to that of ‘duty,’ springs out Kant’s three propositions that give rise to the categorical imperative’s first formulation. Through these propositions, the first formulation arrives at the fundamental principle of morality and thus the principle upon a good will must act. It can be read as follows: ‘Act only according to that maxim whereby you can the same time, will that it should become a universal law.’ In order to understand how it is that Kant arrived at this first formulation, first, I will present a close examination and definition of concepts such as ‘good will’ and ‘duty,’ and then analyze how these are incorporated in Kant’s three propositions that arrive at the categorical imperative itself through the explanation of his three propositions. Together with this will be certain limitations I have observed upon close examination of the text in this first section of Kant’s Groundwork.…
Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason in 1781. Kant’s goal was to determine the limits of pure reason which means that he wants to know what reason alone can determine without the help of the senses or any other faculties. Kant is encouraged by Hume’s skepticism to doubt metaphysics existence. Kant makes a differentiation between priori and posteriori knowledge and between analytic and synthetic judgments. A posteriori knowledge is knowledge from experience and a priori knowledge is the necessary and universal knowledge we have independent of experience, such as our knowledge of mathematics. In an analytic judgment, the concept in the predicate is contained in the concept in the subject, as, for instance, in the judgment, “a bachelor…
1. According to Kantian theory, was Alan Turing’s action to ‘play God’ so that ‘Britain can win the war and more lives are saved in the long run’ ethical? Why? Justify using three key principles of Kantian theory.…