Composting of Efb+Pome+Boiler Ash+Additive with Assumptions
QUESTION: 1. Determine physicochemical parameters for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), fresh empty fruit bunch(EFB), and palm oil boiler ash. State the reference(s). 2. Determine the mass of each components at initial raw compost mixture that consist of POME+EFB(300metric ton)+ash+additive. Stat your answer in metric ton and consider any nutrient losses. The final compost should have:
C/N<30, N=1.8%, P=0.5%, K=3.4%, Mg=0.8%
Given: a) Composting time: 45 days b) Composting system: Windrow (2m x 9m x 30m), turning every 10 days c) Physicochemical for additive is shown below: pH = 6.7
N = 3.02%
P = 13.92%
K = 7.88%
Mg = 0.45%
References
Richard, T. & Trautmann, N. (1996) Cornell Composting: Science and Engineering. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/calc/cn_ratio.html
Solution: 1. a) Physicochemical of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Component | Fresh Raw POME | POME Anaerobic Sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 98.21 | 94.03 | pH | 4.33 | 7.41 | C (%) | 36.36 | 37.51 | N (%) | 2.71 | 4.68 | C/N | 13.4 | 8.0 | Oil and Grease (mg L-1) | 2151.0 | 183.0 | COD (mg/L-1) | 113191.0 | 40563.0 | BOD (mg/L-1) | 35580.0 | 15180.0 | Volatile suspended solid (mg/L-1) | 14530.0 | 21110.0 | Total suspended solids (mg/L-1) | 18980.0 | 34720.0 | Total solid (mg/L-1) | 41022.0 | 55884.0 | Cellulose (%) | 38.36 | 10.45 | Hemicellulose (%) | 23.21 | 6.01 | Lignin (%) | 26.72 | 48.13 | P (%) | 1.01 | 1.25 | K (%) | 2.49 | 5.16 | Ca (%) | 1.56 | 2.55 | S (%) | 0.57 | 1.21 | Fe (%) | 1.03 | 1.09 | Mg (%) | 1.21 | 1.41 | Zn (mg kg-1) | 118.82 | 151.0 | Mn (mg kg-1) | 339.0 | 495.24 | Cu (mg kg-1) | 73.24 | 174.9 | B (mg kg-1) | 95.59 | 65.0 | Mo (mg kg-1) | n.d | 5.0 | Cd (mg kg-1) | 1.2 | n.d | Ni (mg kg-1) | n.d | 14.0 |
Reference: (Baharuddin et al., 2010)
Component | POME anaerobic sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 95.4 | pH | 7.4 | C (%) | 32.5 | N (%) | 3.9 | C/N | 8.3 |
C/N<30, N=1.8%, P=0.5%, K=3.4%, Mg=0.8%
Given: a) Composting time: 45 days b) Composting system: Windrow (2m x 9m x 30m), turning every 10 days c) Physicochemical for additive is shown below: pH = 6.7
N = 3.02%
P = 13.92%
K = 7.88%
Mg = 0.45%
References
Richard, T. & Trautmann, N. (1996) Cornell Composting: Science and Engineering. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/calc/cn_ratio.html
Solution: 1. a) Physicochemical of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Component | Fresh Raw POME | POME Anaerobic Sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 98.21 | 94.03 | pH | 4.33 | 7.41 | C (%) | 36.36 | 37.51 | N (%) | 2.71 | 4.68 | C/N | 13.4 | 8.0 | Oil and Grease (mg L-1) | 2151.0 | 183.0 | COD (mg/L-1) | 113191.0 | 40563.0 | BOD (mg/L-1) | 35580.0 | 15180.0 | Volatile suspended solid (mg/L-1) | 14530.0 | 21110.0 | Total suspended solids (mg/L-1) | 18980.0 | 34720.0 | Total solid (mg/L-1) | 41022.0 | 55884.0 | Cellulose (%) | 38.36 | 10.45 | Hemicellulose (%) | 23.21 | 6.01 | Lignin (%) | 26.72 | 48.13 | P (%) | 1.01 | 1.25 | K (%) | 2.49 | 5.16 | Ca (%) | 1.56 | 2.55 | S (%) | 0.57 | 1.21 | Fe (%) | 1.03 | 1.09 | Mg (%) | 1.21 | 1.41 | Zn (mg kg-1) | 118.82 | 151.0 | Mn (mg kg-1) | 339.0 | 495.24 | Cu (mg kg-1) | 73.24 | 174.9 | B (mg kg-1) | 95.59 | 65.0 | Mo (mg kg-1) | n.d | 5.0 | Cd (mg kg-1) | 1.2 | n.d | Ni (mg kg-1) | n.d | 14.0 |
Reference: (Baharuddin et al., 2010)
Component | POME anaerobic sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 95.4 | pH | 7.4 | C (%) | 32.5 | N (%) | 3.9 | C/N | 8.3 |
References: Richard, T. & Trautmann, N. (1996) Cornell Composting: Science and Engineering. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/calc/cn_ratio.html Solution: Reference: (Baharuddin et al., 2010) Component | POME anaerobic sludge | Reference: (Ahmad et al., 2011) b) Physicochemical of Fresh Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Reference: (Madhiyanon et al., 2012) Component | Value | Reference: (Ahmad et al., 2011)