Computerised Layout
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F A C I L I T Y L AYO U T
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Basic Production Layout Formats
Process layout defined Product layout defined Group technology (cellular) layout defined Fixed-position layout defined
188
Process Layout
Computerized layout techniques—CRAFT Systematic layout planning CRAFT defined Systematic layout planning (SLP) defined
193
Product Layout
Assembly lines Assembly-line balancing Splitting tasks Flexible and U-shaped line layouts Mixed-model line balancing Current thoughts on assembly lines Workstation cycle time defined Assembly-line balancing defined Precedence relationship defined
200
Group Technology (Cellular) Layout
Developing a GT layout Virtual GT cells
202 203
Fixed-Position Layout Retail Service Layout
Servicescapes Ambient conditions Spatial layout and functionality Signs, symbols, and artifacts
206 207 215 216
Office Layout Conclusion Case: Soteriou’s Souvlaki Case: State Automobile License Renewals
technical note
TECHNICAL NOTE FIVE
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FACILITY LAYOUT
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PLANET EARTH ORBITING THE ASSEMBLY LINE IN
A GLOBE FACTORY. THE GLOBES ARE MOVING THROUGH THE FACTORY USING A TRANSPORT SYSTEM SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING OF THE FACTORY.
Layout decisions entail determining the placement of departments, work groups within the departments, workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a production facility. The objective is to arrange these elements in a way that ensures a smooth work flow (in a factory) or a particular traffic pattern (in a service organization). In general, the inputs to the layout decision are as follows: 1 Specification of the objectives and corresponding criteria to be used to evaluate the design. The amount of space required, and the distance that must be traveled between elements in the layout, are common basic criteria. 2 Estimates of
3/4/03
11:05 AM
Page 186
technical note five
F A C I L I T Y L AYO U T
187
Basic Production Layout Formats
Process layout defined Product layout defined Group technology (cellular) layout defined Fixed-position layout defined
188
Process Layout
Computerized layout techniques—CRAFT Systematic layout planning CRAFT defined Systematic layout planning (SLP) defined
193
Product Layout
Assembly lines Assembly-line balancing Splitting tasks Flexible and U-shaped line layouts Mixed-model line balancing Current thoughts on assembly lines Workstation cycle time defined Assembly-line balancing defined Precedence relationship defined
200
Group Technology (Cellular) Layout
Developing a GT layout Virtual GT cells
202 203
Fixed-Position Layout Retail Service Layout
Servicescapes Ambient conditions Spatial layout and functionality Signs, symbols, and artifacts
206 207 215 216
Office Layout Conclusion Case: Soteriou’s Souvlaki Case: State Automobile License Renewals
technical note
TECHNICAL NOTE FIVE
cha06369_tn05.qxd
3/4/03
11:05 AM
Page 187
FACILITY LAYOUT
technical note
187
PLANET EARTH ORBITING THE ASSEMBLY LINE IN
A GLOBE FACTORY. THE GLOBES ARE MOVING THROUGH THE FACTORY USING A TRANSPORT SYSTEM SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING OF THE FACTORY.
Layout decisions entail determining the placement of departments, work groups within the departments, workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a production facility. The objective is to arrange these elements in a way that ensures a smooth work flow (in a factory) or a particular traffic pattern (in a service organization). In general, the inputs to the layout decision are as follows: 1 Specification of the objectives and corresponding criteria to be used to evaluate the design. The amount of space required, and the distance that must be traveled between elements in the layout, are common basic criteria. 2 Estimates of
Bibliography: Meyers, F. E. Manufacturing Facilities Design and Material Handling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. Sule, D. R. Manufacturing Facilities: Location, Planning, and Design. Boston: PWS Publishing Company, 1994. Approach (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974). 2 R. Johnson, “Spacecraft for Multi-Floor Layout Planning,” Management Science 28, no. 4 (April 1982), pp. 407–17. 3 See R. Muther and J. D. Wheeler, “Simplified Systematic Layout Planning,” Factory 120, nos. 8, 9, 10 (August, September, October 1962), pp 6 R. J. Schonberger, World Class Manufacturing (New York: Free Press, 1986), p. 112. 7 M. S. Sommers and J. B. Kernan, “A Behavioral Approach to Planning, Layout and Display,” Journal of Retailing, Winter 1965–66, pp 8 M. J. Bitner, “Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees,” Journal of Marketing 56 (April 1992), pp 9 R. Norman, Service Management, 2nd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1991), p. 28.