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Concept of Waste to Energy

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Concept of Waste to Energy
The Concept of Wastes to Energy
Using Sugary Wastes
Fiza Sarwar, Wajeeha Malik, Muhammad
Salman Ahmed, and Harja Shahid
Fiza Sarwar

Wajeeha M.

M. Salman A.

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
(UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29oC. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.
Key words: Anaerobic digestion, sugary wastes, carbon oxygen demand, biogas, Pakistan

Introduction

Pakistan is a water deficient country; the quantity of available water resources has been declining day by day.
In 1960 it was 5654m3/capita, by 2000 it was 1400m3/ capita and by 2010 the capacity was expected to be
1000m3/capita (Ali, Hashmi et al 2009). The water quantity (flow rate) is decreasing day by day due to such factors as temperature, atmospheric pressure, wastage due to improper management, and pollution.
The available water in Pakistan is being polluted at an alarming rate, mainly due to untreated domestic and industrial effluents and agricultural/surface runoffs, etc. Domestic effluent includes sewage as well as sludge while industrial effluents only include waste sewage. The runoffs may include garbage and


References: Environment Federation), 2005, Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th Ali, Arshad, H.N. Hashmi, I.A. Querashi, and Athar Saeed, 2009, Treatment feasibility of NSSC pulping Ali, Arshad and H.N. Hashmi, 2010, Treatment feasibility of the bleaching effluent obtained from NSSC pulp and paper mill in a UASB reactor, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29(3):43-31. Bhatti, Z.I., 1995, Studies on the Biological Treatment of Methanolic Waste in UASB Reactor, PhD Dissertation, Osaka University, Japan. Pak-EPA, 1999, Environmental Technology Programme for Industries, Islamabad: Federal Publishers. A. Klapwijk, 1980, Use of UASB reactor for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment, Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22:699734. Schellinkhout, A., 1993, UASB technology for sewage treatment: experience with a full scale plant and its Vieira, S.M.M., 1988, Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage in Brazil: Research results and full-scale experience, pp.185-196 in E.R 21-27 August, 2011: World Water Week, Stockholm, Location: Sweden 27-30 September, 2011: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (IEEE ICSGCE 2011), Location: Chengdu, China. More info: http://www.icsgce.com/ 19-23 September, 2011: First International Sustainable 7-19 October, 2011: World Renewable Energy CongressIndonesia: The International Conference and Exhibition on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, Location: Bali, 19-21 October, 2011: WaterMed 2011, Location: Milan, Italy 12-14 October, 2011: International Conference on Sustainable Development through Renewable Energy retrud2011; Contact: ces@ioe.edu.np 24-25 October, 2011: 2011 OU International Water 25-27 April, 2012: First International Conference on the Design, Construction, Maintenance, Monitoring and 14-17 November, 2011: The 2011 International Conference on Water, Energy, and the Environment, Location: Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. More info: http:// www.aus.edu/conferences/icwes/ Energy 15-17 November, 2011: WATEC Israel 2011, The 6th 5-7 August, 2011: Fifth International Workshop on Natural Energies (IWONE 2011), Location: Sweden info: http://www.iet-community.org/iwone/IWONE5/ 16-17 November, 2011: Biofuels International expo 12-14 August, 2011: 2011 International Conference on Energy and Electrical Systems (ICEES 2011), Location: org/ 20 - 24 November, 2011: 2011 WEC Executive Assembly; Further details to follow; Location: Oran, Algeria.
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