5: Russia began Industrialization by abolishing serfdom and using the peasants as a workforce to work in the factories to produce new technology. It only changed economics in society because the former serfs were still treated like serfs.…
2. The conditions in Russian factories were similar to that of a European factory because in both areas, the conditions were not ideal. The conditions were different because the European factory workers had more rights. The workers could request better conditions, or go on strike. However, in Russia the workers had no rights. These conditions were enough to start a revolt, but the revolt would be quickly crushed by the government.…
Workers were more satisfied with how they were treated in Japan while Russia dealt with strikes because of poor working conditions. In document 4, S. I. Somov, a Russian socialist, recalls his participation in a strike. Being a socialist, it is easy to comprehend why Somov would sympathize with the workers and strike and even join them. He describes how the workers stated various phrases over and over again. The workers were on strike because they ran out of patience, and that their suffering was worse than death. These factory workers must have been treated extremely poorly for them to go on strike. In document 5, Yamamoto Shigemi, a historian, interviews elderly Japanese women who worked in silk factories. In Shigemi's survey, most workers voted favorably when asked about their food or pay and not a single one regretted going to work in a silk factory. A survey pool of 580 is enough to justify the notion that these conditions were similar throughout multiple factories in Japan, and that most factory workers were conent in how they were treated at the time. In document 7, M. I. Pokzocskaya, a Russian physicion, published an article about the treatment of womem in Russian factories. Women were required to work extremely long hours, up to 18 on some days. Actual physical force was also used to make children continue working. Women factory workers were treated as if they…
A lot of children worked very long shifts in tightly packed conditions under the machines, which they had to clean and oil. This resulted in the children growing up with deformed bodies. According to a supervisor working in a factory in 1833 he found it very hard to keep his workers awake in the last few hours of their shifts and this is extremely dangerous because it can lead to you cutting of your limbs. If you arrived late for work there were some strict punishments such as being fined for 5 minutes 2d and the later you were the more you had to pay. Also because of the amount of hours you spend in the factory working you would be deathened by the humongous amount of noise coming from all the machines and as a result of this you would probably have to retire at a very young age. You had to start work at 5 o clock in the morning and finish at 8 pm and you were only aloud to have a half an hour breakfast and half an hour for dinner. This is a very important factor because working hours leads to everything else like punishments for example if you were late and accidents if you were tired.…
He fuelled a period of massive industrialisation which ultimately lead to the emergence of a new social group; the urban proletariat. This group, who had little status in Russian society in the period 1854-1894, now played a major role in Russia, meaning a change in an average workers status. By 1914, there were 2.9 million workers employed in Russia working in 24,900 factories. However, this period comes with a degree of continuity in the level of status of workers; in 1910 only half of Russia’s national productivity was industrial. This points in the general direction that, as with the reigns of Alexander the II and III, the peasants were the social class with more power. The provisional government of February 1917 marked a change for the status of workers in Russia. It was formed with the Petrograd soviet, a council of workers and soldiers. They controlled the railway, postal and telegraph services; a level of status in which workers had previously never held. During Lenin’s rule, there were varying degrees of workers status: ‘While the peasantry suffered between 1918 and 1921, the urban workers became better off…The NEP clearly benefited the peasantry at the expense of urban workers’1. This quote from Lee can be challenged, as during war communism 1918 the populations of Moscow dropped by half. This shows that workers…
There were unhealthy conditions and air pollution from all the factories. Also, there were unfair and unsafe conditions in factories, which resulted in people having medical problems. For example, in document 1, someone is interviewing a worker from a factory. The worker exclaims that he began working at the age of 10; he worked from five in the morning to nine at night and had one period of 40 minutes in the 16 hours at noon for a meal. Also, he wasn’t educated and could only read, but not write. More examples of bad factory conditions are in document 2, where another factory worker was interviewed about their experience in the factories. The man has damaged lungs, improper leg muscles, and he would die in a year. His doctor says it was caused by dust in the factories, overworking, and an insufficient diet. His brother died from a bad cut from a machine and of infection. The worker also stated that he knows that nearly a dozen children died during the two and a half years that he worked there. These examples show that there were many negative effects of the Industrial…
The peasants were probably the worst off in Russia in the early twentieth century. Although the peasants had been emancipated by Alexander II back in 1861, they still had little freedom while Nicholas was leading. Peasants had to pay redemption payments for land the government had given or lent them but they found it difficult to keep up and often got into debt. The village communities owned and paid for the land together, not as a single person. Peasants had to pay much higher taxes than the landlords and the officials would flog the peasants who didn’t pay their taxes. There were so many pressures in day to day life that many peasants could not support themselves and had to move to cities for work. Peasants had to be granted permission by their fellow commune members to leave the farm. Even once they had left, they were still expected to assist with the redemption payments (Proctor, 1995). The living standards the peasants and their families had to endure were terrible. Russian peasants were still forced into using traditional farming techniques which involved manual labour instead of machine labour. Entire families occupied one room huts and sometimes the living quarters were shared with their livestock. This meant epidemic diseases were prevalent. Peasant’s diets were insufficient and unvaried, mostly…
There were massive socio-economic changes taking place . This created a new class of factory workers . The working class , mostly the peasants - who comprised of 84% of the Russian population - were moved to the city to work in factories . Little could have been done about this as products had to be manufactured in the country , as trade routes were cut off due to WWI . On one hand , due to Tsar Nicholas II autocratic policies, there were no trade unions,to look out workers rights. For that reason living and working conditions were very bad . Workers worked for 14 hours a day and slept in overcrowded lodging houses , as illustrated by Father Gapon in 1905. On the other hand if the workers were treated better , they wouldn't have been so quick to go against the Tsar . His epathy further allienated his…
Between 1800 and 1939 Russia progressed towards an economic system of government owned business and redistribution, known as communism. Prior to Russia developing into communism they were a capitalist state. The last time we see a non communist state in Russia before 1939 would be under Czar Nicholas II. Previous social conditioning in Russia led to popular beliefs among the peasantry that the land belongs to the farmers, or at least it should. However, a small number of the peasantry had owned any land at all. And they also had other reasons to hold feelings of discontent. The Russian working conditions were simply atrocious. Workers saw work jour of 12, 14, and 16 hours long. And the factories which they worked on were overcrowded and were obvious dangers to their long-term and immediate health. And for all of the hardship faced workers would see dismal pay, barely enough to supply for their family. However, what led Russia past the threshold…
First of all people was introduced to factory work. Even though factories were built to make the work of the people easier it brought new problems as well. The working conditions were very poor. People worked around 14 to 16 hours a day. Only the owners of the factories were satisfied with this kind of working process because they knew that the workers worked for even a small amount of money. The working conditions for women and children were worse than for men. They spend the same amount of time in the factories as…
That is not the only thing bad about it, there was also no cooling or heating systems in the factories. In the summer is was very hot and dry, and in the winter it was very cool. Nothing could help the employees, because there were no laws to control working conditions or protect workers. The only thing the employers cared about was making more and more money. The employees were not just adults, there were also children. Children worked in factories for 6 days and 12 or more hours. They had to work underground in coal mines. Reformers had to call for laws that would make factories much more save, and with shorter hours.…
government with a more suitable one. The authors then continue by presenting a viable argument and…
Or did the War merely hasten things that were already happening in Russia? Peasant unrest because of land shortages, worker unrest because of low wages, long hours, poor living conditions were long-standing issues.…
And while Industrial Revolution improved the quality of life for many individuals, it also took a heavy toll on factory workers, especially children. If it were not for Parliament, Engels, the Knights of Labor, and Lenin who brought light to the cruelty of the workers in these factories, the conditions might not have improved as…
Stalin himself justified his policy of rapid industrialisation and collectivisation at the 1926 Party Congress as one that sought to achieve ' the transformation of our country from an agrarian to an industrial one, capable by its own efforts of producing the necessary means of production.' This socialist notion of economic autarky, although admirable and unifying in its intentions, would indeed inevitably bring about damaging effects for the people of Russia. But how intensive and extensive was this damage - and was damage the only significant effect for the Russian people?…