Conflict in Resource User and Environment
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
COURSE TITLE; CONFLICT IN RESOURCE USER AND ENVIRONMENT
TASK Limiting you responses to either Lake Naivasha or upper Ewaso Nyiro north catchment discuss how that the water act 2002 has been deterrent instrument for conflict in using natural resources.
INTRODUCTION
Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment Area (ENNCA) covers an area of 210 226 km2 (about 36% of Kenya. More than 70% of the catchment is semi‐arid; Mean annual rainfall ranges from over 800 mm in the highlands to less than 400 mm in the ASAL areas; ENNCA, a water scarce catchment with a per capita water availability of 274 m3/yr; In the drier parts of ENNCA, pastoralism prevails whereas agricultural activities are concentrated in high rainfall areas around Kenya and Aberdares ranges.
ENNCA is composed of 5
Sub‐regions namely:
– Upper Ewaso Ngiro –Nanyuki
– Middle Ewaso Ngiro –Isiolo
– North Ewaso Laggas –Marsabit
– Engare Narok Melghis-Rumuruti
– Ewaso Daua ‐ Madera
The high plateau of the Upper Ewaso Ngiro North Basin in Kenya and the mountain foot zones referred to as the “White Highlands” during the colonial period consisted of ranches and large farms. After independence in 1964, the basin experienced changes in land use as land was subdivided into smaller plots for agro pastoralists as people resettled from overpopulated foot zone areas. As a result, growth points such as towns and densely populated small scale farms as well as with large scale technical horticulture farms have been formed in the mountain foot zones while game parks and tourist resort centres occupy the dry lowlands of the basin. The population increased from 50,000 in 1960 to 500,000 in 2000 and has put demand for water resources under pressure (Kiteme and Gikonyo 2002). As more land is being converted to irrigate land to grow crops mainly for international markets, farmers now place their water intakes high up on the
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
COURSE TITLE; CONFLICT IN RESOURCE USER AND ENVIRONMENT
TASK Limiting you responses to either Lake Naivasha or upper Ewaso Nyiro north catchment discuss how that the water act 2002 has been deterrent instrument for conflict in using natural resources.
INTRODUCTION
Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment Area (ENNCA) covers an area of 210 226 km2 (about 36% of Kenya. More than 70% of the catchment is semi‐arid; Mean annual rainfall ranges from over 800 mm in the highlands to less than 400 mm in the ASAL areas; ENNCA, a water scarce catchment with a per capita water availability of 274 m3/yr; In the drier parts of ENNCA, pastoralism prevails whereas agricultural activities are concentrated in high rainfall areas around Kenya and Aberdares ranges.
ENNCA is composed of 5
Sub‐regions namely:
– Upper Ewaso Ngiro –Nanyuki
– Middle Ewaso Ngiro –Isiolo
– North Ewaso Laggas –Marsabit
– Engare Narok Melghis-Rumuruti
– Ewaso Daua ‐ Madera
The high plateau of the Upper Ewaso Ngiro North Basin in Kenya and the mountain foot zones referred to as the “White Highlands” during the colonial period consisted of ranches and large farms. After independence in 1964, the basin experienced changes in land use as land was subdivided into smaller plots for agro pastoralists as people resettled from overpopulated foot zone areas. As a result, growth points such as towns and densely populated small scale farms as well as with large scale technical horticulture farms have been formed in the mountain foot zones while game parks and tourist resort centres occupy the dry lowlands of the basin. The population increased from 50,000 in 1960 to 500,000 in 2000 and has put demand for water resources under pressure (Kiteme and Gikonyo 2002). As more land is being converted to irrigate land to grow crops mainly for international markets, farmers now place their water intakes high up on the
References: 1. Mutiga j.k· Mavengano, Water Allocation as a Planning Tool to Minimize Water Use Conflicts in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North Basin, Kenya. 2.Ministryof northern Kenya development and semi arid area website 3.Kenya vision 2030. 4. A policy on sustainable development of arid and semi arid area draft 2009.