2.00 g of sodium benzoate was dissolved in 10.0 mL of H2O. 7.0 mL of HCl was added to the solution and a pH of 2 (similar to stomach acid) was reached. Upon addition of the HCl, a white precipitate formed. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath until a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius was obtained to reduce solubility further. Using vacuum filtration the solid precipitate was extracted from the mixture. To allow the solid precipitate sufficient time to dry mass of the substance was obtained one week later and was found to be 1.59g.…
Ian Cabalo October 2012 Period Two AP World History Unit 2: Chapter 8: The Unification of China In Search of Political and Social Order A. Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) and His School 1. Confucius a. Educator and political authority b. Sayings were compiled in the Analects by his disciples 2. Confucian Ideas a. Basically honesty and ethical in character b. Thoroughly practical: how to restore political and social order c. Concentrated on formation of Junzi "superior individuals" d. Edited and assembled the Zhou classics for his disciples to study 3. Key Confucian Values a. Ren: A sense of humanity, kindness, benevolence b. Li:…
Studio developer Pastagames together with the distributed office DotEmu chose to restore the once-well known arcade game, initially distributed path in 1989 and in the United States known as Buster Bros.…
In order to examine the stories, the Confucius principal should first be discussed in great depth. Confucius sees social order as a series of status groups and graded roles, from the ruler at the top through officials, scholars, gentleman, all the way to the father of the family; all with authority over, as well as a responsibility to set a good example to those below them. The key element of these interpersonal relationships is right relationships (also known as five relationships). These relationships refer to the ties between father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and those between friends. [1]…
To Confucius, good people lived good lives, which in turn caused good societies to be formed from the deeds of these individuals. He believed that education should focus on shaping individuals into good people; people with “virtue and excellence”. One of his ideas, called ren, is directly translated into “human excellence”, “benevolence” and “love”. According to Confucius ren is not something that is inherent in every individual, however, humans are able obtain ren through cognitive thinking and effort. Confucius believes that every person has certain qualities inside of them that can make them good. For instance he believed that every individual possessed wisdom, kindness, respect and piety.…
From the Mencius’s argument on "benevolence”. It can be seen that there is not much difference between basic content and Confucius "benevolence" such as未有仁而遗其亲者也. They are both piety and seems to satisfy the moral norm of Confucianism. But Mencius apply benevolence to politics, "benevolent governance" is put forward, revoke the high achievement of personal moral cultivation. This brought great effect on Chinese political thought.…
With the many customs of the Chinese Empire, the practices of Confucianism came along. The teachings of Confucius preached behavior based upon the five relationships (doc.1). The values of the five relationships were respect, obedience and care taking. The teachings of Confucius included a huge belief in education (doc.2). The teachings of Confucius created the bases for the Chinese value of Respect because they were taught to respect their superiors. The teachings of Confucius created the value of education in china. For example, Chinese boys studied from age 7 until they took the civil service exam to attain a government position which brought wealth and power to their families (doc.4).…
Those who assume the subordinate role must present to their superiors respect and obedience. Fathers of the household are as the ruler of the kingdom in that they are supposedly owed reverence. Superior beings should demonstrate admirable actions as they should be role models to their inferiors, so thought Confucius. Confucianism also states subordinates should give respect to superiors, even when respect is not warranted; they are expected to “stay in their lane” so to speak. Confucian ethics emphasize the importance of a courteous and humble ruler, as the people would surely emulate such characteristics. It was primarily the ruling class who practiced Confucian…
Confucius was born in an era of war and disparity. As a well-educated philosophical man, he realized the problem was chaos and unrest. He believed that order needed to be restored in humanity. In time he created a hierarchical social order that emphasized the importance of relationships: Ruler/Subject, Father/son, husband/wife, elder brother/younger brother, friend/friend. Unlike most social orders in societies though, these five primary relationships were a 2-way functioning system, each of which working for the other. For example, one relationship he listed being the ruler and the subject, in which the subject respects and works for the ruler and in turn the ruler must provide safety and well being to his subjects.…
Imagine a place where students follow acts of goodness that older students have done, have respect for staff, act kind towards all, and there is no fighting or bullying. If Confucianism was implemented at Evergreen Middle School, that could be a reality. Confucianism is one of the three main Chinese philosophies created during the Warring States Period, a time when rulers fought others to increase their power and land. Another philosophy created during the Warring States Period was Daoism, which was created by Laozi. Some Daoism beliefs include that harmony with nature leads to peace and happiness and that one should accept whatever happens (letting nature take its course.) The other main Chinese philosophy was Legalism. Per Source #5, “Legalism in Ancient China was a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by…
In Confucius’s view, “If people be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have a sense of shame, and moreover will become good.” Confucius intensified that a good minister should lead people with virtue and propriety and not with laws and regulations. Then people will have a sense of shame and turn to good people instead of trying to avoid the punishment and having no sense of shame. A good leader should employ ministers according to the rules of propriety then ministers serve the leader with faithfulness. Then Confucius said “There is a government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father and the son is son.” He implied that every minister in the government…
This government pushes individuals to show respect to their elders and concern for those in lower social levels. Obedience and loyalty to one’s family and ancestors, good service and manners are expected at all times. Confucius said: “ I don’t worry about not having a good position; I worry about the means I use to gain position. I don’t worry about being unknown; I seek to be known in the right way.” it stressed good conduct and careful thought in all things and enveloped qualities like loyalty, self discipline and respect for your ancestors, elders and…
Confucius’ ideas arise only a short time before Lao Tzu explains his beliefs. According to the Confucian teachings, people are capable of being taught and changed as long as they are taught the right way. The things people should be taught are things such as being virtuous and acting on what they teach while also keeping a healthy sense of morals and being aware of and willing to help other individuals in need. Confucius believes that each person should be held accountable for his actions in each field. This belief is supported by the fact that he thinks that the government should “lead [people] by means of virtue and regulate them through rituals [so that] they will have a sense of shame and moreover have standards” (“Confucian Teachings” paragraph 51). He believes that each person has the capacity to excel at each endeavor because societies were made to work in…
Confucianism has a core of morality, ethics, and activism. It encourages social harmony and mutual respect. Confucianists sought to perfect their character by living a virtuous life and seeking goodness. They valued ethics, respect for elders, and propriety. Confucius, the originator of Confucian thought, believed political order would be found by the proper ordering of human relationships, and so did not bother himself with the structure of the state. He stressed that a good government must fill their positions with well-educated and conscientious people, called Junzi. Confucius was followed by his disciples Mencius and Xunzi. They also possessed the same optimism that humans could improve themselves to perfection.…
At the center of this argument is the belief that Confucius simply presented himself as a reactionary in order to mask his revolutionary ideology. This argument has traction as inside of the system of government that Confucius wanted to take from the Zhou, he made some changes. There is some evidence to suggest that Confucius had revolutionary ideas intertwined with his reactionary ideas. The first example was how Confucius redefined virtue in his society. In order to do this, it is important to talk about the importance of virtue in the Western Zhou system of government. According to the Mandate of Heaven, the legitimacy of a king and a ruling family is their virtue to the extent that if another family becomes more virtuous it is their right to overthrow the previous king and family. Both Confucius and the Western Zhou thought the Mandate of Heaven was important but they differ on what defines virtue. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, virtue signified being powerful on the battlefield. While Confucius saw virtue as having humanity which was when a person acted with “reverence, generosity, truthfulness, diligence and kindness” (19). It is certainly curious that in mirroring the government structure of the Western Zhou, Confucius made a crucial change to the definition of what gave the government legitimacy. This argument is further strengthened when considering the role of nobles and ministers in the Western Zhou Government. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, nobles generally served as ministers over fiefs and other areas and this power was passed through mostly hereditary links. Confucius, on the other hand, opened up being a nobleman and a minister to all people as a result of two factors. First, Confucius believed that any man who had humanity had to be a nobleman no matter their heritage nor their…