Conversion of Energy
Hydraulics – CIVL 2130
Conservation of Energy
Aim
The aim of this lab experiment is to observe the flow behaviour of water through a pipe of variable section. Firstly, we will investigate the interchange of pressure and kinetic energy at each diameter change. Secondly, we will study the application of this interchange to the flow metering devices. Lastly, energy losses due to friction and pressure effects are estimated.
Experimental Apparatus
[pic]
Pre-lab Question
Pressure varies along the pipe. Explain why this is the case.
The pressure will vary along the pipe because of several factors such as the existence of friction along the pipe walls causing energy loss and pressure variations, and various changes in pipe diameter affecting the potential and kinetic energy variations. Consequently, a change in pressure would also be experienced from these factors.
Results
| |Run 1 |Run 2 |Run 3 |Run 4 |
|Measuring Tank Volume (litres) |25 |25 |25 |25 |
|Discharge Time (s) |11.2 |13.9 |22.3 |17.1 |
|Flow rate (m3/s) |0.002232 |0.001799 |0.001121 |0.001462 |
|Upstream head (manometer 1) (m) |0.990 |0.995 |1.000 |1.000 |
|Manometer 2 (m) |0.972 |0.982 |0.995 |0.990 |
|Manometer 3 (m) |0.972 |0.982 |0.995 |0.990 |
|Manometer 4 (m) |0.971 |0.982 |0.995
Conservation of Energy
Aim
The aim of this lab experiment is to observe the flow behaviour of water through a pipe of variable section. Firstly, we will investigate the interchange of pressure and kinetic energy at each diameter change. Secondly, we will study the application of this interchange to the flow metering devices. Lastly, energy losses due to friction and pressure effects are estimated.
Experimental Apparatus
[pic]
Pre-lab Question
Pressure varies along the pipe. Explain why this is the case.
The pressure will vary along the pipe because of several factors such as the existence of friction along the pipe walls causing energy loss and pressure variations, and various changes in pipe diameter affecting the potential and kinetic energy variations. Consequently, a change in pressure would also be experienced from these factors.
Results
| |Run 1 |Run 2 |Run 3 |Run 4 |
|Measuring Tank Volume (litres) |25 |25 |25 |25 |
|Discharge Time (s) |11.2 |13.9 |22.3 |17.1 |
|Flow rate (m3/s) |0.002232 |0.001799 |0.001121 |0.001462 |
|Upstream head (manometer 1) (m) |0.990 |0.995 |1.000 |1.000 |
|Manometer 2 (m) |0.972 |0.982 |0.995 |0.990 |
|Manometer 3 (m) |0.972 |0.982 |0.995 |0.990 |
|Manometer 4 (m) |0.971 |0.982 |0.995