Corporate Social Responsibility in Food Supply Chain
1) ANIMAL WELFARE
Government improvements: Humane Slaughter act of 1978 in the USA
the Food and Marketing Institute (FMI) is collaborating with the National Council of Chain Restaurants (NCCR) to implement animal welfare standards to minimize future consumer and NGO concerns (Food Marketing Institute 2005). These individual and industry efforts will set higher levels of responsibility throughout the food supply chain. Animal welfare practices and regulations are somewhat more advanced in Europe than the United States
Company itself (better CSR):
animal welfare improvements will not necessarily increase sales but will reduce the chance of sales loss from consumer concerns. Hughes (1995)
Food companies have pursued lower costs by implementing factory farming. It helped in reducing the costs, but it violated the animal welfare, which is issue of corporate social responsibility. organic farming (general exclusion of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals) was 31% higher in cost. Bornett et al. (2003)
consumer willingness to pay more for improved animal welfare conditions. Bennett et al. (2002)
Citizens(informal) : their attitudes about animal welfare
although food safety was the primary consumer concern with respect to meat consumption, animal welfare is increasing in significance. Verbeke and Viaene (2000)
consumers perceive higher levels of animal welfare as an indicator of food safety and quality (Harper and Makatouni, 2002; Phan-Huy and Fawaz, 2003).
several barriers to consumer awareness of animal welfare practices: many consumers are not aware of differences in industry approaches to animal welfare including organic and free-range farming (Harper and Makatouni, 2002). Schroder and McEachern (2004); insufficient labeling, lack of high animal welfare standard product availability, and purchasing being out of consumer control due to eating out. Schroder and McEachern (2004)
2) BIOTECHNOLOGY (very bad for
Government improvements: Humane Slaughter act of 1978 in the USA
the Food and Marketing Institute (FMI) is collaborating with the National Council of Chain Restaurants (NCCR) to implement animal welfare standards to minimize future consumer and NGO concerns (Food Marketing Institute 2005). These individual and industry efforts will set higher levels of responsibility throughout the food supply chain. Animal welfare practices and regulations are somewhat more advanced in Europe than the United States
Company itself (better CSR):
animal welfare improvements will not necessarily increase sales but will reduce the chance of sales loss from consumer concerns. Hughes (1995)
Food companies have pursued lower costs by implementing factory farming. It helped in reducing the costs, but it violated the animal welfare, which is issue of corporate social responsibility. organic farming (general exclusion of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals) was 31% higher in cost. Bornett et al. (2003)
consumer willingness to pay more for improved animal welfare conditions. Bennett et al. (2002)
Citizens(informal) : their attitudes about animal welfare
although food safety was the primary consumer concern with respect to meat consumption, animal welfare is increasing in significance. Verbeke and Viaene (2000)
consumers perceive higher levels of animal welfare as an indicator of food safety and quality (Harper and Makatouni, 2002; Phan-Huy and Fawaz, 2003).
several barriers to consumer awareness of animal welfare practices: many consumers are not aware of differences in industry approaches to animal welfare including organic and free-range farming (Harper and Makatouni, 2002). Schroder and McEachern (2004); insufficient labeling, lack of high animal welfare standard product availability, and purchasing being out of consumer control due to eating out. Schroder and McEachern (2004)
2) BIOTECHNOLOGY (very bad for