For a man who had been in Vietnam and witnessed all the chaos for multiple years, one might think that he would realize his tactics were ill-founded, and that he would check for error and change them to increase effectiveness. This man unfortunately and wholeheartedly believed that more of the same thing would be the best way of going about winning the war. The Tet Offensive was not even enough to open Westmoreland’s eyes. This event consisted of coordinated attacks against many vantage points in South Vietnam, including both military camps and cities. This catastrophe would go on to damage General Westmoreland’s reputation and, furthermore, the public opinion on the war back home (33).…
The book I read was titled Here There are Tigers, The Secret Air War in Laos, 1968-69. It was written by Reginald Hawthorn and is his personal experience as a Major in the Air Force. I wanted to know an Air Force pilot’s perspective since I read about so much bombing going on during the Vietnam War. He was an FAC (Forward Air Controller) and flew an O-2 single prop airplane during Vietnam from 1968-1969. Major Reginald Hathorn was an instructor at Laughlin Air Force Base when he got the call on Friday of January 1968 that he would have to leave his wife and two daughters to fight in Vietnam.…
Operation Ranch Hand; 1961-1972; The heart of the Vietnam War, and the U.S. needs an advantage. “[The military] sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land in Vietnam...Agent Orange, which contained the chemical dioxin, was the most commonly used of the herbicide mixtures, and the most effective,” (“Agent”). In total, this agent accounted for 11-13 million gallons of the total herbicides released. Agent Orange was later found to be the origin of various health problems; these include tumors, birth defects, skin irritation, psychological changes, and cancer. The herbicides main purpose was to clear the vegetation, allowing the front line to detect approaching enemies in time for defensive action; the…
The United States strategy in Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 went through various changes and revisions as leadership tried to find a feasible plan of action. US Army General William Westmoreland and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara were two of the major forces in US leadership that would shape the war effort. They devised a military strategy of attrition through tactics of search and destroy, covert operations, and other factors in hopes of wearing out the enemy. While their strategy found some success on the battlefields, the ineffectiveness of search and destroy missions, the over emphasis on body counts, and the disconnect between everyday soldiers and their superiors about defining success would doom the US war effort.…
Portable helicopter landing mats designed for Vietnam have been reused to build large sections of the US–Mexico border wall. The Army Corps of Engineers provided institutional links between these two geographically distant imperial projects. After documenting the historical connections between war and wall, I shift the analytic lens to show how mid-century modernism and imperial foreign policy were entangled aesthetically. General Westmoreland, Agnes Martin, Sol LeWitt, and Richard Serra all draw from the same social imaginary. Substantive political disagreements notwtihstanding, geometric grids animated aesthetic affinities that have made it more difficult to perceive, let alone critique or dislodge, the long tentacles of American…
US intelligence community had several chances to change the outcome of the Tet Offensive. Gathering and dissemination of intelligence were critically overlooked. The imagery of massing of large enemy formation along with built up supply lines we key indicators that could have been eliminated. The capture of two VC soldiers that had propaganda reporting for the occupation of South Vietnam could have to be correlated with other reporting which could have to identify the true threat. The massing of enemy troops at Khe Sang outpost along with North Vietnam diplomatic feint could have been assessed as diversionary tactic waiting to exploit a greater threat.…
The Tet Offensive was a turning point in the war, especially where news coverage was concerned. The Johnson Administration had spent a lot of effort putting forth the message that the United States was winning the war. In fact, U.S. Officials and numerous journalists had been reporting steady progress. General William Westmoreland even announced, to the National Press Club, “I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing” (Dougan & Lipsman 127).…
During the late 1940s, political tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were rapidly increasing. The Democratic United States gave several countries in Western Europe financial aid, while the Communist Soviet Union established communist regimes in Eastern Europe. The expansion of these opposing ideologies caused a ‘cold’ war to begin, in which neither belligerent directly fought each other but competed to spread their political ideologies around the world. However, the conflict resulted in wars that occurred outside of America and the Soviet Union. One of the major proxy wars was the Vietnam War, which was a conflict between Soviet-supported North Vietnam and American-supported South Vietnam.…
Vietnam war was the longest war in American History which fought between 1964 to 1975 and the most unpopular war for the American of the 20th century. This is the only one war that United States lost the war but no one knows the truth because the US government had not told about this war yet. The resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths and in an estimated 2 million Vietnamese deaths. It seemed like the American won the war but actually they were not. The experience for the American soldier in Vietnam was long and painful one for the nation. During the war, the Vietnam is spilt in the two groups; the South which was Capitalism and the North which was Communism. To support the South Vietnam’s government, the American sent the soldiers…
The Vietnam War persisted for decades and outlasted many American administrations. The protracted conflict, which lasted from 1955 to 1975, was ostensibly a civil war between the communists in the north of Vietnam and the capitalist regime in the south; however it escalated into a proxy war between foreign powers. The United States’ level of engagement in the war was a direct result of the U.S. presidents’ foreign policy: American leaders who were passionately anti-communist such as Kennedy and Eisenhower believed it was their duty to be more involved in the war as an integral part of foreign policy such as Containment, fueled by the fear of the Domino Theory. However other administrations, such as those of Johnson and Nixon, were more attentive…
The Vietnam War was considered one of the longest foreign wars that the United States fought in, up until the Afghan War. Like most wars there is many events that occur during them and for the Vietnam one event that stood out was the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive was an attempt for Vietnamese communist to gain back control and cause a wedge between the U.S. and the South Vietnamese. To develop a better perspective of the Tet Offensive, it would help to Know the Vietnamese communist perspective, What the Americans were being told, an individual who experienced it and how it still affects us today. Developing an opinion that is not solely based off biased information we need to hear what happened from many different perspectives.…
The period of the Cold war began in 1945 following World War II after the defeat of Hitler, Germany and Japan. The Cold War wasn’t a one time event, rather it was a long period of fighting between the leadership of the Western World and Eastern Europe. The two countries known as superpowers led the charge with the Western side led by the USA and Eastern Europe led by the Soviet Union. Although once allies during World War II, mistrust with the leadership of Joseph Stalin and his leadership caused the USA to take a stand against the communist country. Although a war was never formally declared, the two super powers fought indirectly through proxy wars, space race, and arms race.…
Enveloped in a state of domestic and international crisis, 1968 America was divided. The Tet Offensive ended the country’s feint hope that the war could be over soon, and racial tensions left many Americans either feeling ignored or fearful for their lives. Constant protest and riots concerning race and the Vietnam War brewed a feeling of insecurity in the country. The feelings of intense nationalism and American pride seemed to have dissolved in the wake racial conflict and Vietnam. The American virtues of freedom and equality seemed to fall wayward, and the government did not act like it was any concern. The dirge of protests concerning Black Power, the Vietnam War, and civil rights were nearly unacknowledged by Lyndon Johnson. The people…
Bibliography: Forrest, S. (n.d.). Tet offensive: a turning Point in the Vietnam war. Retrieved from http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~socappeal/1968/vietnam.html…
Towards the end of the decade, more and more Americans believed their political leaders and military had falsely convinced them that the Vietnam War was worth fighting and winnable. On January 31st the Vietnamese launched the Tet offensive. A series of surprise attacks on scores of cities and towns in Vietnam. The offensive implied that if victory was reachable, we were thousands of lives away.…