The English suffered from frequent and constant European wars, constant religious strife. Some of the people in England were suffering from harsh economic changes, and lack of land due to wool trading. The English saw America as land which was scarce in their homeland and as an economic reprieve. Colonies were built, mercantilism was established. – Page 11. A British Empire was being built. However, England was in enormous debt due to the many years of fighting wars and in desperate need of revenue. England was cash poor and decided it needed to capitalize off and increase its administrative capacities in America. Tax Acts were imposed and some repealed. However, some colony leaders had…
Walter Trattner, in his From Poor Law to Welfare State, does a remarkable job of overviewing the major points of early American history, particularly the aspects of history that relate to social welfare. However, Trattner fails to acknowledge that the groups of people most remembered by history are not necessarily representative of the larger population. History is quick to remember virtuous individuals, especially if such individuals are wealthy and socially esteemed. Nancy Isenberg argues in White Trash that the dominating origin stories of early America that canonize figures like John Winthrop and George Washington act to distract from the fact that much of early American colonists were anything but virtuous. In essence, America was thirteen colonies dominated by people that, for better or worse, refused to act in accordance to the day's…
How would you characterize the relationship between William Byrd and Lucy Parke Byrd? If Lucy had diary, how do you think she might have characterized the same events? The relationship William Byrd and Lucy Parke Byrd was quite different than most marriages in the old Virginia days. Lucy Parke was rather knowledgeable than most women her age, while she grew up educated. Lucy Parke caught the attention of William Byrd, by the grants her family had inherited but also from her beauty. William Byrd consumed a weakness for feminine women. He often was unfaithful to Lucy Parke. In William Byrd diary he says,” I kissed Mrs. Chiswell and kissed her on the bed till she was angry and my wife also was uneasy about it, and cried as soon as the company was gone.” Another incident occurred, in which Lucy’s anger and jealousy may have gotten the best of her. For example, “In the evening my and little jenny had a great quarrel in which my wife got the worst but at last by the help of the family Jenny was overcome and soundly whipped. Jenny is also known as “a mistress.” William Byrd cared for Lucy Parke’s health and well-being. William often prayed for Lucy Parke during her very sick days while dealing with a miscarriage. William was saddened for the pain his wife was dealing with. In his diary he mentions, “Wife grew very ill which made me weep for her.” The characterization of this relationship was uneasy, wealthy and troubling at times. Through the marriage was primarily based on the wealth of William Byrd owning slaves and land. In my conclusion I sense that Byrd had slight compassion for Lucy and primarily saw her as an “object” to him. Lucy Parke in my opinion would have characterized it in a more perturbed way. She had a rough time dealing with her miscarriages. Lucy Parke would have expressed her personal life with more detail on how she felt about William,…
As the population grew Puritans began to disperse and were losing control of the Church.…
In 1839, John L. O'Sullivan wrote, "America is destined for better deeds " Again, as history shows, it was. American's wanted more. They wanted more of everything; as it has been said, an abundance of land was the way to creating a prosperous union. American's attitude…
America, the “land of opportunity”. Most people came to colonial America for this reason. They wanted the opportunities America had to offer. The biggest attraction was that people coming over as laborers could gain three times the wages as they were making in England. However, there were distinguishing factors that were considered pertaining to how much success a person could achieve. Due to social class and the need for workers the economy and its opportunities flourished but remained prejudice to the lower classes. The common laborer and farmers had difficulties getting their input across and concerns to be heard. Their thoughts on governmental issues were treated as irrelevant.…
Building a Bridge to the Eighteenth Century By: Neil Postman Neil Postman identifies himself as a "neo-Luddite". What bothers Postman most is the fact that the great innovators of this time have no frame of reference other than their own experience, and that experience is only that of the 20th century. Advocates of trends such as information superhighways and economic globalization appear to know nothing of history, philosophy and culture; they live digitally in the hollow present. Postman assesses different ideas in each chapter: Chaper One: A Bridge to the Eighteenth Century Postman heralds the accomplishments of personalities of the 18th Century, including Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Kant, Hume, Gibbon, Paine, Jefferson, Franklin, Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, and Haydn, among many others.…
The American Revolution paved the way for democratic rule in nations and ignited the spreading thereof throughout the whole world. Yet events that led up the start of the revolution have been mixed in their significance by historians. Both historians, Carl Degler and T.H. Breen agree that the British mercantile system had benefited the colonists, allowing them to have comfortable lifestyles. Madaras L, SoRelle J (2011)…
The development of America’s government, and social structure that we know today started to form after the first colonies were established. During the beginning of the eighteenth century in America the thought of English liberties started to take root with these colonists. When looking at the statement “during the first half of the eighteenth century, new ideas of English liberty had little effect on power relations in colonial America; throughout this period, the upper classes retained their dominance of colonial affairs” we can see how this is persuasive and not. This statement is persuasive because these liberties provided more power to the upper class in government, and can be less persuasive because the lower class would gain more power…
In 1860 the average American believed that they were living the happiest and luckiest a person could be. They were generally living better than their fathers, and looked forward to their children prospering more than themselves. However, at the time America had developed into two very different societies between the North and the South. These changing societies were beginning to adjust to the start of the industrial revolution in separate ways.…
In the essay written by Gary Nash, he argues that the reason for the American Revolution was not caused by the defense of constitutional rights and liberties, but that of "material conditions of life in America" were not very favorable and that social and economic factors should be considered as the driving factor that pushed many colonists to revolt. The popular ideology which can be defined as resonating "most strongly within the middle and lower strata of society and went far beyond constitutional rights to a discussion of the proper distribution of wealth and power in the social system" had a dynamic role in the decisions of many people to revolt. The masses ideas were not of constitutional rights, but the equal distribution of wealth in the colonies that many felt that the wealth was concentrated in a small percentage of the population in the colonies. The Whig ideology that was long established in English society had a main appeal towards the upper class citizens and "had little to say about changing social and economic conditions in America or the need for change in the future." The popular ideologies consisted of new ways of changing the distribution of wealth. Nash in his essay continued to give good evidence to prove his point that the American Revolution was not caused by the defense of constitutional rights and liberties, but by improper distribution of wealth. During the pre-American Revolutionary times, the "top five percent of Boston's taxpayers controlled 49 percent of the taxable assets of the community, whereas they had held only held only 30 percent in 1687." As evident by this statistic, it is clear that the wealthy were getting wealthier and controlling more of the taxable assets of the community. As the wealthy increased their assets in the cities, at the same time, a large class was "impoverished city dwellers." A huge contrast between the wealthy and the poor were forming and becoming more apparent from the beginning of the eighteenth…
The observations made by Lewis Lapham's Money and Class in America distinguishes the meaning of success and the required level for respect for Americans to that of other strong societies. In his supposed defense of the popular opinion that America is a place that wrongfully shows respect to those of higher economic class than other nations that hold art and intellect at a pedestal. With this, he agrees with Henry Adams that Americans are ignorantly herded to find "success" in the materialistic wealth because they have been "deflected by the pursuit of money". Though the idea that Americans favor and respect superficial matters is held true, Lapham's claim that they do so because they are socially forced to is invalid simply because there is still a choice. As shown through his contradictions in the essay, and the many artistic and intellectual American successes, it makes the average materialistic American too idle in their comfort to search for the other direction that they are so "deflected" from, which he denies.…
Sadly but, I think Mark Twain was right in describing America as being gold on the outside but corrupt on the inside. The corruption of the United States is well-known but also well-hidden. The irony of this era was that there was covering of gold over a messy and terrible situation. The Guilded Age was a period in American History where there was a huge economic development, mechanical advances, and improvements in society. Indeed, even such a large number of Americans felt that these improvements were pretentious and that the underneath this change and prosperity was the cruel truth of urban communities, political corruption, and the misuse of workers. However, there were attempts to better those jewels like aspect of America. The rich…
Many things in life become easier when one is prepared. Such preparation is required to adequately complete an essay responding to the quote “Historians sometimes view the first hundred years of the colonial experience mainly as preparation for the last fifty.” (White, p. 209). This quote from Our Colonial Heritage by William White is more complex than meets the eye. Key words in the sentence include “hundred”, “colonial”, “preparation”, and “fifty”. Analyzing all four of these words is critical before jumping into a scholastic endeavor, for example developing an essay on the topic. After doing just that, or even from just considering the context of the quote, it isn’t hard to realize that White was talking about the changing of the people who left Britain during the late 16th century and early 17th century for a new land that they would eventually name America. Overtime, these soon-to-be-Americans would drift away from their British, or colonial heritage and begin to build the American Character. Because of different survival, social, and religious needs, as well as needs for the general well-being of the colonies, many British traditions and attitudes would be changed to improve their standard of living in America. In fact, Charles M. Andrews said “The half century from 1713 to 1763 is the period during which the life of the colonists attained its highest level of stability and regularity.” (p. 209). While the colonists were just adapting their lives, and showed no major signs of intentional, deliberate changes to their culture, Vernon L. Parrington suggests that elements of our national character were quietly or even subconsciously formed, and that “The undistinguished years of the early and middle eighteenth century, rude and drab in their insularity, were the creative springtime of democratic America...” (p. 209) With many sources agreeing, including The American Pageant and Our Colonial Heritage, the first 150 years of…
Part one: The author imagines himself an Englishman who has come to settle in America (in 1783). Through the eyes of this English settler, the author describes what he would see upon coming to America and how different it would be from Europe. Unlike in Europe, America has a far smaller gap between rich and poor and titles, based on class and honor, (such as prince, duke or lord) are non-existent. For the most part the people living in America are farmers and live in comfortable but modest houses. It is clear from the author’s words that he thinks America is great place to live.…