Laud Humphries piece-lecture notes-4 categories of people (typologies)
-traders –Married & Heterosexual (50% of people in subculture)
-Ambisexuals –ambiguous/ambivalent/unsure of sexuality
-Openly Gay -14%
-Closet Queens – decided they are gay, but not integrated into culture Ambisexuals and closet queens share 26% In the study of excessive force by police, what types of analysis are most commonly the focus? -types of people engaging in excessive force -individual characteristics of officers (aggression, stress, authoritarianism, gender, age, length of service) -sanctions in which force is used -characteristics of target population (sex, race, class)
-legal & organizational roots of force (formal vs. informal organizations)
Jennifer Hunt’s piece – symbolic interationist perspective (current types of literature)
What has been done so far
Why would a symbolic interactionist approach provide a valuable addition to the current literature on the police use of force? What is it about the situation the makes an officer define a situation as needing force. Looks at how officers define force, and the criteria they use in evaluating its necessity Definitions of what situations call for the use of force (how to socially define matter)
Zurich solution to street prostitution Sex booths Three major factors which allow for “witch-hunts” like the child molestation hysterias to occur.
a. Persistent belief in the phenomenon
b. Continuous conflict in value principles
c. Lack of governance/ incompetence
The three major ways in which police account for the use of force, according to Jennifer Hunt, and examples of each
a. Excuses-absolving the officer of responsibility
b. Justifications – situational (about the situation) individual had bad attitude, sexualized interaction, or individual