Criminology Terms
Chapter 1 & 2 definitions Crime and Criminology, The Nature and extent of Crime.
Chapter 1:
1. Criminology: The scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior. 2. Criminologists: Researches who use scientific methods to study the nature of criminal behavior. 3. Criminal Justice: The study of agencies of social control police, courts, and corrections. 4. Scientific Method: Using variable principles and procedures for the systematic acquisition of knowledge; typically involves formulating a problem, creating a hypothesis, and collecting data through observation and experiment to verify the hypothesis. 5. Justice: The quality of being fair under the law. Justice is defined by the individual and the state. Justice demands that the state treats every person as equally as possible without regard to their gender, religion, or any other personal status. 6. Criminological Enterprise: The areas of study and research that taken together make up the field of criminology, criminologists typically specialize in one of the subareas of criminology, such as victimology or the sociology of law. 7. Crime Typology: The study of criminal behavior involving research on the links between different types of crimes and criminals. Because people often disagree about types of crimes and criminal motivation, no standard exists within the field. Some typologies focus on the criminal, suggesting the existence of offender groups, such as professional criminals, psychotic criminals, occasional criminals, and so on. Others focus on crimes, sex crimes, and so on. 8. Consensus View: The belief that the majority of citizens in a society share commons ideals and work toward a common good and that crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society. 9. Social Harm: A view that behaviors harmful to other people and society in general must be controlled
Chapter 1:
1. Criminology: The scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior. 2. Criminologists: Researches who use scientific methods to study the nature of criminal behavior. 3. Criminal Justice: The study of agencies of social control police, courts, and corrections. 4. Scientific Method: Using variable principles and procedures for the systematic acquisition of knowledge; typically involves formulating a problem, creating a hypothesis, and collecting data through observation and experiment to verify the hypothesis. 5. Justice: The quality of being fair under the law. Justice is defined by the individual and the state. Justice demands that the state treats every person as equally as possible without regard to their gender, religion, or any other personal status. 6. Criminological Enterprise: The areas of study and research that taken together make up the field of criminology, criminologists typically specialize in one of the subareas of criminology, such as victimology or the sociology of law. 7. Crime Typology: The study of criminal behavior involving research on the links between different types of crimes and criminals. Because people often disagree about types of crimes and criminal motivation, no standard exists within the field. Some typologies focus on the criminal, suggesting the existence of offender groups, such as professional criminals, psychotic criminals, occasional criminals, and so on. Others focus on crimes, sex crimes, and so on. 8. Consensus View: The belief that the majority of citizens in a society share commons ideals and work toward a common good and that crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society. 9. Social Harm: A view that behaviors harmful to other people and society in general must be controlled