Cvs Pharmacology
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY
To generate the force that moves the blood through circulatory system
1
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Learning Objectives: After completing this chapter you should able to: •Name categories of cardiovascular drugs •Describe the therapeutics effects of drugs •Identify the side effects
2
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Heart & Blood Circulation
3 functional parts: •
• • Cardiac muscle Conduction system Nerve supply
Main Diseases CHF – Congestive heart failure CAD – Coronary artery disease ( arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction)
3
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Cardiac drugs
• • • • • Used in hypertension angina pectoris and MI Shock Arrhythmias CHF
I. Anti-hypertensive drugs for treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) II. Anti-anginal drugs for treatment of angina III.Anti-arrhythmic drugs for treatment of arrhythmia IV.Cardiotonic drugs (e.g., digoxin) for treatment of heart failure
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Treatment for congestive heart failure
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Cardiac Glycosides
Plant leaves of Digitalis purpurea & lanata Consists of chains of glucose sugars
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Mode of Action • Increase the force of myocardial contractions • Inhibits the enzyme ATP, which energizes the sodium /potassium pump. • stimulate an exchange mechanism
• They increases level of CALCIUM inside the cell • More calcium will accumulate inside the cell during cellular depolarization • Positive inotropic effect • Negative chronotropic effect
Clinical pharmacokinetics
• Digitalization – produce an effective blood level • Maintenance – maintain therapeutic level • Digoxin and digitoxin • Both can administered orally and IV. The t 1/2 life of digoxin is normally 1.5 to 2.0 days. The t1/2 life of digitoxin is normally 5 to 7 days
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Therapeutic uses
• Atrial fibrillation • Congestive heart failure.
Adverse effects
• Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia increases the risk of
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY
To generate the force that moves the blood through circulatory system
1
26/08/2013
Learning Objectives: After completing this chapter you should able to: •Name categories of cardiovascular drugs •Describe the therapeutics effects of drugs •Identify the side effects
2
26/08/2013
Heart & Blood Circulation
3 functional parts: •
• • Cardiac muscle Conduction system Nerve supply
Main Diseases CHF – Congestive heart failure CAD – Coronary artery disease ( arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction)
3
26/08/2013
Cardiac drugs
• • • • • Used in hypertension angina pectoris and MI Shock Arrhythmias CHF
I. Anti-hypertensive drugs for treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) II. Anti-anginal drugs for treatment of angina III.Anti-arrhythmic drugs for treatment of arrhythmia IV.Cardiotonic drugs (e.g., digoxin) for treatment of heart failure
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Treatment for congestive heart failure
4
26/08/2013
Cardiac Glycosides
Plant leaves of Digitalis purpurea & lanata Consists of chains of glucose sugars
5
26/08/2013
Mode of Action • Increase the force of myocardial contractions • Inhibits the enzyme ATP, which energizes the sodium /potassium pump. • stimulate an exchange mechanism
• They increases level of CALCIUM inside the cell • More calcium will accumulate inside the cell during cellular depolarization • Positive inotropic effect • Negative chronotropic effect
Clinical pharmacokinetics
• Digitalization – produce an effective blood level • Maintenance – maintain therapeutic level • Digoxin and digitoxin • Both can administered orally and IV. The t 1/2 life of digoxin is normally 1.5 to 2.0 days. The t1/2 life of digitoxin is normally 5 to 7 days
6
26/08/2013
Therapeutic uses
• Atrial fibrillation • Congestive heart failure.
Adverse effects
• Hypokalemia or hypercalcemia increases the risk of