Cyclohexane Lab Report
Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond.Both hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water during combustion test. When the oxygen is limited, the product will be carbon monoxide and water. The alkenes are highly flammable and burn readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and water. In this experiment, the combustion of cyclohexene burns in an orange flame and produces relatively high amount of black soot. The black soot produced is actually carbon monoxide. Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond. Cyclohexene burns and produces more soot because of the higher percentage of carbon compared
to cyclohexane. The higher the percentage of carbon, the more the oxygen needed to oxidises the compound. So, more black soot will be produced by cyclohexene in the incomplete combustion reaction. Cyclohexene has a double bond, and so would have a higher burn rate since more energy is released from the double bond than the single bonds of cyclohexane. (Richiie,2012) In combustion, cyclohexene produces a sootier flame compare to cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is saturated. So there aren’t any double bonds between carbons like in benzene. Cyclohexane is considered to be the most stable cycloalkane of all because, its total ring strain is minimum. (Dunee, 2012) It is chemically unreactive. Hence, when concentrated sulphuric acid is added into cyclohexane, the mixture remains colourless. This indicates that no reaction has occurred. No heat release in this experiment too. For cyclohexene, the solution turns dark-brown colour when concentrated sulphuric acid is added. Cyclohexene reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce alkyl hydrogen sulphates. There is heat released due to the breaking down of the carbon-carbon double bond in cyclohexene which releases energy that produces a net evolution of heat energy. (Hasanah, 2011) Electrophilic addition happens in many of the reactions of compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds. An electrophile is something which is attracted to electron-rich regions in other molecules or ions. In a sense, the pi bond is an unnecessary bond. The structure hold the single bond well and stable rather than the double bond. The pi bond often breaks and the electrons in it are used to join other atoms (or groups of atoms) onto the cyclohexene molecule. In this experiment, the slightly positive hydrogen atom in the sulphuric acid acts as an electrophile. It is strongly attracted to the electron in the pi bond in the cyclohexene. In other words, cyclohexene undergoes addition reactions. (Jim Clark,2000) The safety and the precautionary step are we must be careful when holding the test tube containing concentrated sulphuric acid because it is corrosive. Besides test tube holder must be used to hold the test tube containing the reaction between sulphuric acid and cyclohexene because it produces heat.
to cyclohexane. The higher the percentage of carbon, the more the oxygen needed to oxidises the compound. So, more black soot will be produced by cyclohexene in the incomplete combustion reaction. Cyclohexene has a double bond, and so would have a higher burn rate since more energy is released from the double bond than the single bonds of cyclohexane. (Richiie,2012) In combustion, cyclohexene produces a sootier flame compare to cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is saturated. So there aren’t any double bonds between carbons like in benzene. Cyclohexane is considered to be the most stable cycloalkane of all because, its total ring strain is minimum. (Dunee, 2012) It is chemically unreactive. Hence, when concentrated sulphuric acid is added into cyclohexane, the mixture remains colourless. This indicates that no reaction has occurred. No heat release in this experiment too. For cyclohexene, the solution turns dark-brown colour when concentrated sulphuric acid is added. Cyclohexene reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce alkyl hydrogen sulphates. There is heat released due to the breaking down of the carbon-carbon double bond in cyclohexene which releases energy that produces a net evolution of heat energy. (Hasanah, 2011) Electrophilic addition happens in many of the reactions of compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds. An electrophile is something which is attracted to electron-rich regions in other molecules or ions. In a sense, the pi bond is an unnecessary bond. The structure hold the single bond well and stable rather than the double bond. The pi bond often breaks and the electrons in it are used to join other atoms (or groups of atoms) onto the cyclohexene molecule. In this experiment, the slightly positive hydrogen atom in the sulphuric acid acts as an electrophile. It is strongly attracted to the electron in the pi bond in the cyclohexene. In other words, cyclohexene undergoes addition reactions. (Jim Clark,2000) The safety and the precautionary step are we must be careful when holding the test tube containing concentrated sulphuric acid because it is corrosive. Besides test tube holder must be used to hold the test tube containing the reaction between sulphuric acid and cyclohexene because it produces heat.