cyclotron
Cyclotron
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Cyclotron (disambiguation).
A French cyclotron, produced in Zurich,Switzerland in 1937
A modern cyclotron for radiation therapy
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying (radio frequency) electric field.
History[edit]
The cyclotron was invented and patented[1] by Ernest Lawrence of the University of California, Berkeley, where it was first operated in 1932.[2] A graduate student, M. Stanley Livingston, did much of the work of translating the idea into working hardware.[3] Lawrence read an article about the concept of a drift tube linac by Rolf Widerøe,[4][5]who had also been working along similar lines with the betatron concept. The first European cyclotron was constructed in Leningrad in the physics department of the Radium Institute, headed by Vitaly Khlopin (ru). This instrument was first proposed in 1932 by George Gamow and Lev Mysovskii (ru) and was installed and became operative by 1937.[6][7]
Principle of operation[edit]
Diagram of cyclotron operation from Lawrence's 1934 patent. The "D" shapedelectrodes are enclosed in a flat vacuum chamber, which is installed in a narrow gap between the two poles of a large magnet.
Beam of electrons moving in a circle. Lighting is caused by excitation of gas atoms in a bulb.
Sketch of a particle being accelerated in a cyclotron, and being ejected through abeamline.
Cyclotrons accelerate charged particle beams using a high frequency alternating voltage which is applied between two "D"-shaped electrodes (also called "dees"). An additional static magnetic field is applied in perpendicular direction to the electrode plane, enabling particles to re-encounter the accelerating voltage many times at the same phase.[1] To achieve this,
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Cyclotron (disambiguation).
A French cyclotron, produced in Zurich,Switzerland in 1937
A modern cyclotron for radiation therapy
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying (radio frequency) electric field.
History[edit]
The cyclotron was invented and patented[1] by Ernest Lawrence of the University of California, Berkeley, where it was first operated in 1932.[2] A graduate student, M. Stanley Livingston, did much of the work of translating the idea into working hardware.[3] Lawrence read an article about the concept of a drift tube linac by Rolf Widerøe,[4][5]who had also been working along similar lines with the betatron concept. The first European cyclotron was constructed in Leningrad in the physics department of the Radium Institute, headed by Vitaly Khlopin (ru). This instrument was first proposed in 1932 by George Gamow and Lev Mysovskii (ru) and was installed and became operative by 1937.[6][7]
Principle of operation[edit]
Diagram of cyclotron operation from Lawrence's 1934 patent. The "D" shapedelectrodes are enclosed in a flat vacuum chamber, which is installed in a narrow gap between the two poles of a large magnet.
Beam of electrons moving in a circle. Lighting is caused by excitation of gas atoms in a bulb.
Sketch of a particle being accelerated in a cyclotron, and being ejected through abeamline.
Cyclotrons accelerate charged particle beams using a high frequency alternating voltage which is applied between two "D"-shaped electrodes (also called "dees"). An additional static magnetic field is applied in perpendicular direction to the electrode plane, enabling particles to re-encounter the accelerating voltage many times at the same phase.[1] To achieve this,