Data Processing

1. Data Processing- is any process that a computer program does to enter data and, summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data are most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems. Nevertheless, the terms are roughly synonymous, performing similar conversions; data-processing systems typically manipulate raw data into information, and likewise information systems typically take raw data as input to produce information as output. 2. Data Processing cycle - (a) input-the data that is entered into a computer system. (b) Process- the set of conditions used in converting the inputs into outputs (c) Output- the information produced by a computer system. 3. Elements of Computer System – (a) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): The ALU is the digital circuit that is able to perform different types of functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. (b) Control Unit The control unit is the part of CPU (central processing unit) or other devices that performs the duty to direct its operations, the control unit is just like a finite state machine that has some finite states and the transaction from one state to the other state is called action. (c) Memory-The memory is another very important element of the computer without memory the computer can't operate in today's modern age it is called the RAM (Random Access Memory) whenever we give some instruction to the computer it passes through RAM to the Processor and the processor processes it and send it back. The main reason behind memory is that it is faster in communication with the processor then the other memory devices such as hard disk etc. (d) Input/output devices- The input and output devices is another important element for example the