In his social analysis entitled “Democracy in America”, Alexis de Tocqueville distinguishes three races of humans that…
Tocqueville viewed democracy not only as a political institution but, above all, as a sophisticated system that shapes a society’s customs, thereby giving it a sociological and psychological dimension. Democratic regimes, Tocqueville argued, determines our thoughts, aspirations, and interests. In Tocqueville’s last chapter he explores the idea of the three distinct races inhabiting territory in the United States. Particularly the Negro race where Tocqueville draws a correlation between democracy and the Negro. Tocqueville suggests that the increased focus on individual economic output provides a parallel between the Negro and democracy. He writes, “Among democratic peoples… everyone works in order to live, or has worked,…
According to Rousseau, the civil society is what represses people’s freedom who argues that people’s freedoms are better secured in the state of nature. This point of view sharply contrasts with that of Hobbes who sees the state of nature as one of constant battles. Hobbes sees a civil society as the most ideal way of ensuring that collective freedoms are preserved.…
After explaining how the state of nature evolved into civil society when people began to rely on each other for resources, Rousseau concluded that the social contact that made civil society possible is more important that the individuals who created it. Although civil society created inequality, it also created freedom, morality, and rationality, which make people human. On the other hand, Locke explained that the state of nature evolved into civil society because people wanted to protect their property and liberties. He concluded that civil society exists to benefit the people; if the present government fails to do so it should be overthrown.…
Civil society consists of “all the social groups and social relationships in which we are embedded: families, communities, religious organizations, ethnic groups, schools, […] and so forth,”(Persell, 642). Civil society is what creates social values and norms therefore it is vastly important to the market and state. Persell believes that the market, state, and civil society need to work in conjunction to have a stable nation. Persell argues that the state and market are squeezing out civil society. Franklin Pierce and Thomas Jefferson would agree with her, but Progressives and Fredrick Douglas would not.…
Alexis de Tocqueville's visit to the United States in the early part of the nineteenth century prompted his work Democracy in America, in which he expressed the ability to make democracy work. Throughout his travels Tocqueville noted that private interest and personal gain motivated the actions of most Americans, which in turn cultivated a strong sense of individualism. Tocqueville believed that this individualism would soon "sap the virtue of public life" (395) and create a despotism of selfishness. This growth of despotism would be created by citizens becoming too individualistic, and therefore not bothering to fulfill their civic duties or exercise their freedom. Tocqueville feared that the political order of America would soon become aimed at the satisfaction of individual needs, rather than the greater good of society. Alexis de Tocqueville viewed participation in public affairs, the growth of associations and newspapers, the principle of self-interest properly understood, and religion as the only means by which American democracy could combat the effects of individualism.…
Tocqueville compared the American system of government to other forms of European governments. In the European governments, the people had no power, or say in how they wanted their government run. He praised the system of American government for its success, and held it as a role model for what European governments would eventually conform to. Despite the praise he gave the American government, Tocqueville had reservations. With great power comes great responsibility, and if the majority rules the American people, who ruled the majority? This is where the majority exceeding its limits comes into play. This affected the United States as the minority did not get a say in how they wanted their government to be run. He feared that all the virtues he honored would be endangered by the “tyranny of the majority”. The American Government was successful, but still contained flaws. Tocqueville believed that in order to keep the country from the “tyranny of the majority”, more power would need to be given to the minority to balance the power of the people and keep the majority from abusing their power.…
Consequently, this democracy could not serve to provide equality. As we see in our country and the countries we visited the idea of meritocracy is prevalent in our everyday realities. Not many European countries “profited” from this part of Tocqueville’s argument. There are some parties in government in 3/4 of the countries we visited (United Kingdom, Belgium, and France) who are trying to shift towards an “anti-capitalistic” form of government, but their power is minimal and non-existent in the Netherlands and the United…
In the late 1300’s a musical movement started in France. This movement was known to be as Ars Nova. The word Ars Nova means ‘inventor of new art’ and was created by Philippe de Vitry, a very well known French composer and poet. Modern scholars of the early 14th century liked the term Ars Nova so much, that they adopted it as a suitable word denoting the entire century of music before the 1300’s. During this time period a very influential composer started to emerge during the Ars Nova movement, Guillaume De Machaut. Machaut lived a considerable long life and within that he achieved various types of musical principles that we still use today.…
Tocqueville believed that since despotism is not restricted by laws or rules and being an arbitrary power which resists the notion of popular sovereignty, a democracy based on equality would result in isolationism ultimately creating a state of despotism. Tocqueville argued that equality resulted in citizens compromising their abilities due to the government limiting the individual’s potential. That a government based on the desires of the majority under the concept of equality actually resulted in isolationism by in essence lining citizen up shoulder to shoulder with no bond to link them together. With a system of equality the common link shared by men turns away from the common good and leads to self-interest and personal greed. Citizens…
Rachel Kelly Professor Hebert Race in America 002 28 September 2014 De Tocqueville focuses on three different groups of people in his writing, African American, Native Americans and how the Europeans had effected them. In 1607 the first Europeans decided to come to America in search of creating a “city upon a hill” (Takaki 26). So many Europeans had started to make the journey to America that there were not enough resources to go around.…
Democracy in America was written out of Alexis De Tocqueville’s curiosity to see how a democracy was run effectively. In his native country, France, a democratic form of government was failed many times, so in turn he wanted to study a stable and prosperous democracy to gain insight on how it functioned. Although democracy still seemed somewhat inevitable to Tocqueville, he wanted to analyze the form of government to pinpoint its strengths and counteract its weaknesses. Tocqueville believed that aristocracies within governments were on a slow decline, because of the many benefits equality.…
De Tocqueville and Mill both cite the possible oppression of minority groups as a significant drawback to democracy. While each author cites the 'tyranny of the majority' as a possible problem, their perceptions of the alleged problem differ in scope and definition. De Tocqueville regards the above mentioned problem largely as a hindrance to actual action on the part of minority groups and individuals; Mill discusses it relating primarily to the oppression of minority thought. De Tocqueville recognizes the ability of the government to regulate thought, but does not focus on it to the extent that Mill does.…
In this case, people would be a democratic regime and property would be that of an Aristocratic regime. Due to the attempts De Tocqueville made to study America in order to provide guidelines for the French, one can safely assume that De Toqueville believed that the people should govern society. De Tocqueville found that the unique American democracy had none of the social conflicts that France had experienced in their search for democracy, yet still retained a stature of liberty, a societal class equality, and direction of public affairs (Zeitlin,…
So what is links an individual and society? It is the virtues. “The underlying assumption was that a person is who he or she is by virtue of his or her place and role in the community, by virtue of his or her actions and sense of judgment, bu virtue of his or her…