Age: Ages of settlers in New England ranged wildly, seeing as immigrants came in family groups. Chesapeake settlers were all in the same general age range.
Health: Since New England was spared the tropical diseases of the south, its inhabitants were considerably healthier. Immigrants to New England actually gained five years on their life expectancy, while immigrants to the Chesapeake lost about ten years. Most women in Chesapeake were married, because there were more men than women. They were only able to bear one to three healthy children because they suffered from mild malnutrition.
Towns: The settlements of New England were much more compact than those of Chesapeake, and the houses were meant to last. The towns in New England closely resembled the towns in England from which the immigrants had come, while the towns of the Chesapeake were large, spread-out plantation towns. The Chesapeake had much less development due to the fact that the region had no new development of roads, as water was already the primary transportation source in the region.
Economy: New England consisted of skilled merchants who began to develop commercial business in the region. On the other hand, the Chesapeake was vast agricultural tobacco land, which was extremely spread out and was connected by the waters of the Chesapeake bay.
Crops: Colonists in the New England region soon discovered that they did not have the soil suitable for growing tobacco, as those from Chesapeake did. New England colonist women planted crops, but they did not need much attention in the first few months after they had been planted. Also, those in the New England used the same fields for a few seasons, instead of rotating like those in the Chesapeake.
Land Grants: In the Chesapeake, the colonists followed the Headright