Instructions: Read each problem carefully before you begin. Be certain that you answers are clear and legible: Clearly Circle One Answer Only. Make sure to review you answers before you turn the exam in. Please place your answers on the answer sheet. You should also circle the correct letter for back up purposes.…
The United States prison system is notorious for the way it treats its inmates. There are so many theories, and facts to back up the claim that the prison system is not working the way it was intended to be, and it continues to be a growing issue that the government is not addressing. Further, within the already complicated prison system, there is another issue. Solitary confinement, which was originally supposed to be used as a short term punishment within prisons, or jails, has now become an integrated part of prison life (Edge, 2014). Solitary Nation, is 2014 documentary highlights the damages that solitary confinement is doing to people (Edge, 2014). Individuals whom have not shown any signs of degrading mental health come out of segregation, or as the inmates call it, “seg,” disturbed (Edge, 2014).…
The most eye-opening picture shows a group therapy session at a prison in which each of the individuals is imprisoned in a small cage, in a liner position. Kuper provides verbal descriptions of how prisoners are exposed to maltreatment of all human necessities, especially medical and psychiatric needs. The book present situations in which prisoners are ignored by staff for urgent medical and psychiatric needs to “cell extractions” where officers in riot gear spray a prisoner with immobilizing gas to subdue him. Through these prose and first-hand narratives, Kupers explains how solitary confinement is used disproportionally against vulnerable populations and youth. Within these narratives, Kupers explores the “post-release syndrome” that people undergo after long-term solitary confinement. The book concludes with an alternative strategy for corrections that is centered on quality mental health treatment and a rehabilitative attitude to replace the culture of punishment for the purpose of causing…
The article “The cruel and unusual phenomenology of solitary confinement” by Shaun Gallagher provides vital information to understanding the issues of solitary confinement by looking at the phenomenology. The article looks at the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement to use in legal issues. It starts of speaking of the cruelty of this punishment and how many legal declarations prohibit cruel punishment, even within the constitution as it states “cruel and unusual punishments [shall not be] inflicted.” Gallagher has an issue with this statement as he says “From the beginning, however, the wording was thought “too indefinite,” or “to have no meaning in it.” It is still difficult to find a clear definition of “cruel” in the legal domain.” He is saying that the definition of cruel punishment lacks any sort of definition to it, as it is purely opinion based, this means there is no true way to determine what is a “cruel” punishment and what is not. After this, Gallagher begins to speak about the concepts of Phenomenology, which is the focus of this article. He defines Phenomenology as this “ Even in its classical form, emphasizes the constitutive nature of intersubjectivity” He follows this explaining many of the main concepts of Phenomenological…
At the age of twenty, most are still learning to grow up and figure their lives out. But what they don’t expect, is to spend the next twenty- one years of their life on death row. Unfortunately, this was the reality for Nick Yarris. Based on his novel, “The Fear of 13”, is a documentary which tells the chilling story of Yarris’s life and the mistreatment he faced against the Pennsylvania Prison (2015). Yarris spent two decades on death row, on the charges of the abduction, rape and murder of Linda Mae Craig, a woman he had never met (The Fear of 13 2015). This documentary shows how the labelling theory and low self-control theory can perpetuate deviant behaviour. And Nick Yarris’s story is the reality that continues to haunt the American justice system.…
In today’s society, Capital punishment is a very controversial issue that has caused people on death row to prolong their stay in a penitentiary and escape their sentencing to death. By limiting the processing and appeals time to a maximum of one year, the expeditious execution of death penalty inmates would greatly reduce prison over-population and funding expenses in federal and state prisons. It is important for one to understand the concept of the death penalty, and how it can benefit our correctional system in terms of over-crowding and expenses.…
However, in the case of Sully and those with the same punishment, it can be pushed beyond the brink of sanity. Based on the workings of Fathi (2015) “A considerable number of the prisoners fell, after even a short confinement, into a semi-fatuous condition...others became violently insane; others still, committed suicide” (p.170), despite these clearly immoral issues it still stands as a plausible punishment. In most cases, the negative effects of solitary confinement can be far reaching into person's mind. In a study found by Fathi (2015) “[N]o study of the effects of solitary or supermax-like confinement that lasted longer than 60 days failed to find evidence of negative psychological effects” (p.170), with ranging levels of damage done that could actually be recorded. Moreover, as stated by Abramsky (1999), could turn Robert Scully, originally convicted of robbery and drug charges, into a killer and attempted kidnapper. In his argument, Abramsky paints a vivid and saddening portrait of the vessel that holds its captives to standards that are no short of appalling, the super¬max. A place designed to torment the already freedom less and…
Grassian realized “these people were very sick.”(Maclyn Willigan “What Solitary Confinement Does to the Human Brain”) Researcher Stuart Grassian who interview many men at Walpole State Penitentiary in 1982. she found that the men talked with symptoms “such as hallucinatory tendencies, paranoia, and delirium”( Maclyn Willigan “What Solitary Confinement Does to the Human Brain” ) Grassian characterize them as “SHU Syndrome” this syndrome has symptoms of PTSD, insomnia and uncontrollable feelings of rage and fear.…
Abstract: Based on the ideals of a penitentiary, what it should be like? What was the principal goal of a penitentiary? What were the differences between the two prison models? What were the benefits and drawbacks of each model? Which model was considered to be the winning model?…
Prison experiences are shared by those who spent much time behind the bars and most of the experiences shared exemplify how cruel the prison system really was showing that no rehabilitation was occurring due to an excess in punishment. The Los Angeles Times published an article, “Cruel and Usual Punishment in Jails and Prisons,” in which ex-prisoners were interviewed and shared stories of their time in prison, many of which showed how corrupt prisons have truly become. The stories described prisons as appalling and cruel, one prisoner describe being handcuffed every day to his bunk while he had to remain only in his underwear, another prisoner described how it was to live in a cell located directly under broken toilet pipes for weeks resulting…
The Zimbardo Stanford Prison Study was conducted by Philip G. Zimbardo in 1971, at Stanford University. The experiment was to last two weeks and be conducted in the basement of the Stanford University basement. The 24 chosen participants, Students from Canada and US, would be randomly selected to either be a guard or a prisoner, with Zimbardo being the warden. The pay was 15 dollars a day; the study was to see how the effects of confinement, in prison life, with the situational variables in place how this would impact the human behavior. Do the prisons make criminals go more psychotic as the days past? Would good people turn sadists? Within this report we will find out if Zimbardo was able to complete…
[24, 25, 26] While solitary confinement is serious and hard among people who don’t have mental illness, as well that going to got these kinds of illnesses due to it can be intolerable for the mentally ill, so most of the security prisoners who sentenced for solitary confinement psycho-mentally problems, by the way they comprise a major proportion of the security prisoners population. Solitary confinement is liable to multiply psychotic states, or to excite dormant mental problems. [27, 28,…
Prisons are slowly but surely becoming America’s new Asylums. An estimated 450 million people nationwide suffer from mental or behavioral disorders. These disorders are pretty common within prison populations. This extremely high rate of mental disorders in prison is closely related to several factors: the misconception that all people with mental disorders are a danger to the public, the failure to promote treatment, care, and rehabilitation, and the lack of access to mental health services. Many of these disorders are present before prison however, mental health disorders can also be developed during imprisonment due to human rights violations.…
“The Centers for Disease Control estimated that 732,000 American children were saved from death and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014 due to vaccinations” (“Should Any Vaccines”). Although a number of vaccinations are required for children entering the public school system, no federal law exists for students entering school; instead, it is the individual state’s decision to require vaccines (“Should Any Vaccines”). The idea of mandatory vaccinations infuriates some people because they feel vaccines should be a personal choice, however, government involvement in the public’s health serves as a preventative for children and everyone around them. Even though risks may exist, vaccinations allow for safety to prevail in society. For the small percentage of people who can not be vaccinated due to an existing disease or an allergy to the ingredients, the vaccination of those who are able is a safe and cheap way to keep the minority healthy without causing many adverse reactions.…
Counting the seconds and minutes to your death. Inhaling your last breath. The next thing you know, the prison doctor has just injected a lethal drug into you. How do you not feel pain, empathy or sadness? But, you know that the doctor brushes it off as if it nothing happened. All because of something we call ‘The Death Penalty.'' The death penalty affects people who are wrongly convicted, the positive affect because there isn’t a death penalty in our society and human morality.…