The role of the judge is to present the fact, formalize the event, and to organize the jury. “You may perhaps wish to hear from me exactly what is meant by those words ‘reasonable doubt’” (Sayers 3). At this point in the case, the judge is teaching the jury how to decide whether or not a person is innocent, guilty or proven not guilty. In my opinion I believe that the judge is biased. Shortly after describing the death of Philip Boyes by arsenical poison, he accuses Harriet Vane of being the murder. He says that is a fact she killed him and that the problem to solve in this case is whether or not she murdered him with intent or on accident. The judge at this point is teaching the jury about the case and what they are supposed to agree on to make the final decision whether or not Harriet…
We Federalist’s believe that the government needs to be divided into three parts, with equal powers and balances and checks, for it to work effectively. Now the Anti-Federalist’s believe that we are trying to give all power to the larger states in the North and ignore the needs of our brethren the South states. We are not. We are just trying to create a fair government.…
Federalism is defined as “the federal principle or system of government”. This concept of “federalism” is explored in Lowi et al and Zimmerman. These two sources list and define two types of federalism. The first type they list is dual federalism, the second one is cooperative federalism. One of the most distinctive differences between the two is how the powers of the national and state governments are defined, this ties into the classic struggle of Founding Fathers: How should power be separated between the states and the national government? Both of these systems are used in our Constitution, however, I believe our current situation in the United States best fits under the system of cooperative federalism. These concepts I will explore in…
This is a state of government where power is shared between the federal and the state governments. In dual federalism, both the national and the state governments hold sovereign power in their respective areas of authority. The separation of power, resources, and programs is clearly defined. Dual federalism is normally compared to a layer cake whereby the levels of powers do not overlap each other. In this case, no level should interfere with the powers of the other. That is why it is referred to as the exercise of concurrent power. That gives every level of government supremacy in their area of authority. This paper looks at the historical…
Federalism in the United States has had several different concepts throughout our history. Dual federalism ran until around the Great Depression of the 1930s. Dual federalism has very distinct and rather clear lines of power for the national government as well as the state or local level of government. At times, it is referred to as “layered cake”. The national level very distinct and rule over much smaller, local, or state governments. There is a balance of power between the two, each maintains sovereignty that should not impact the other. Both national and state should work together, but still question the other to operate effetely. Dual federalism for This Nation seemed to cause more tension between the national and state levels than anything else. McCulloch v. Maryland is an early example of dual federalism. When the state of Maryland argues that the U.S. Constitution did not give the national government the power to make a National Bank since it was not an enumerated power and was unconstitutional. However, the court concluded that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and that if the end goal is legitimate than what the national government is trying to do is constitutional.…
The federalist papers written by James Madison, proposes logical suggestions for the creation of a government, that fits the need of the nation. Federalist paper 10 primarily concerns with the harmful effects of factions.(Madison James,”The federalist no.10” .1787, A21)A faction is a group with a distinct political interests.(Wilson, James Q. and Dilulio, John J. “the essentials American Government, institutions and policies”, 12th edition, page 32) Factions can be compromised by a majority or minority of people, aiming for a common goal. Hence, factions must be controlled, since the goal might be contrary to the interests of other people, thereby affecting their individual liberties. Factions cause instability in the government. There are…
Having a government that contains energy, stability and republican liberty might not seem that hard if one of these three ingredients are present, but if two or more are present in government it is where the difficulty begins. It is hard to fit all these three characteristics into one government because they do not blend together. Publius describes the need for energy and stability in the new government while at the same time maintaining the republican liberty. The 1787 Constitution achieves these through a separation of powers between the three branches of the federal government.…
During the latter part of the American Enlightenment Age, the United States began to shape its political standing as a nation. After the American Revolution, had been fought to gain independence from Great Britain, leaders such as Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, to name a few, deemed it necessary construct and instill a government that would protect the individual rights of American citizens while avoiding a tyrannical government from taking charge of the nation. The first attempt of government, lead to a decentralized government brought in place by the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation called for states being sovereign and independent because of the fear of a central government. The issue the opposition…
Federalism impacted the American government. Over the years federalism has changed into many forms. There are many different types of federalism is “a form of government in which a grouping of states under the ruling one central power”(types of federalism,pg 1). In the federal government the nation and state governments get their powers from the people.…
The Constitution was chartered by the government to serve as the supreme law of the United States. It took approximately ten months for the first nine states to approve the constitution. During the period from the drafting and proposal of the constitution, there was an intense debate on the ratification because there were various forms of arguments against the ratification of the Constitution between Federalists and Antifederalists. Essentially, federalism is derived from the Latin root foedus. It is a system in which power is shared between national and provincial governments; so the U.S is being governed by two levels of government. In their debates over the new constitution, the Antifederalists used arguments that were closer to the ideals…
The United States constitution created a new type of government called federalism, which divided power between the states and the national government. But the proper balance of federalism has been debated throughout the history of the United States, Federalism, which signifies members of a group that are bond together with a governing representative head. Two time periods that there has been a debate on federalism was the Supreme Court under John Marshall in (1801- 1835) and the extension of slavery in (1820-1860).…
Double Federalism is the point at which the force of the state is partitioned into two groups the "elected" and the "state government". The state government practices its obligations towards the state without the elected group meddling. It's kind of a plan on both sides however both have sovereign forces.…
References: Ching, F. The Asian Economic Crisis: Policy Choices, Social Consequences and the Philippine Case: Social Impact of the Regional Financial Crisis. Retrieved Sept 22, 2007, from http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/update_crisis_ching.html…
The case under study covers the period of the 1980’s (particularly 1987) wherein the Philippine economy is experiencing difficulty due to the political turmoil.…
Philippine GDP grew 7.6% in 2010, spurred by consumer demand, a rebound in exports and investments, and election-related spending, before cooling to 3.7% in 2011. The economy weathered the 2008-09 global recession better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four- to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry. Economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO administration (January 2001 - June 2010). Despite this growth, however, poverty worsened during her presidency. The AQUINO administration is working to reduce the government deficit from 3.9% of GDP, when it took office, to 2% of GDP by 2013. The government has had little difficulty issuing debt, both locally and internationally, to finance the deficits. The AQUINO Administration reduced public debt to below 50% of GDP and obtained several ratings upgrades on sovereign debt so that the Philippines is now close to investment grade. However, the lack of government spending, especially on infrastructure, was one of several factors which slowed GDP growth in the second half of 2011, leading the government to announce a stimulus effort and increased public spending on infrastructure in 2012. AQUINO's first budget emphasized education, health, conditional cash transfers for the poor, and other social spending programs, relying mostly on the private sector to finance important infrastructure projects. Weak tax collection, exacerbated by new tax breaks and incentives, has limited the government's ability to address major challenges. The AQUINO administration has vowed to focus on improving tax collection efficiency, rather than imposing new taxes, as a part of its good governance platform. The economy still faces several long-term challenges, including reliance on energy imports…