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Delta Airlines

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Delta Airlines
Aufgabe 1 Die Branchenstruktur, oder allgemeiner die Attraktivität eines Marktes, lässt sich mit Hilfe des von Michael Porter vorgestellten Instrumentariums der „Five Forces“ bewerten. Dieses zählt zu den Industrial-Organization-Theorien und dient der Umweltanalyse. Eine grundsätzliche Orientierung daran erscheint sinnvoll. Zunächst werden die einzelnen Einflussgrößen auf die Marktattraktivität in ihrer Tendenz bewertet, zum Ende erfolgt eine Gesamtbewertung.
Abbildung 1 Porter‘s Five-Forces
Rivalität innerhalb der Branche
Ersatzprodukte
Lieferanten / Inputs
Potentielle neue Konkurrenten
Kunden-spezifika
3
Ein [+] zeigt einen tendenziell positiven, ein [-] einen negativen und ein [o] einen nur geringen Einfluss auf die Marktattraktivität an.
1. Lieferanten / Inputs  Flugzeuge: Lediglich zwei, aber in starkem Wettbewerb stehende Anbieter (Airbus, Boeing). Dadurch mit geringer Marktmacht (Duopol-Fall) [+] Kerosin: starke Lieferantenmacht, tendenziell mit Ölverknappung zunehmend [-] Inputfaktor Arbeit: Dort wo Gewerkschaften involviert sind, haben diese eine große Macht, bei Anbietern ohne Gewerkschaften können die Löhne niedrig gehalten werden [o]
2. Bedrohung durch neue Konkurrenten (Markteintrittsbarrieren) Kostenvorteile: nur geringe Kostenvorteile der Etablierten (Größenvorteile beim Kerosineinkauf, Flugzeugeinkauf); Entrants können ihrerseits durch angepasste Kapazitäten und den Verzicht auf Gewerkschaftslöhne Kostenvorteile realisieren [+] Kapitalbedarf: Durch die Möglichkeit des Flugzeugleasings oder -rentals ist der für Anfangsinvestitionen benötigte Kapitalbedarf verhältnismäßig gering [+] Reputation: Die Markenidentität und Käuferloyalität der im Markt befindlichen Legacycarrier und Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) behindern nicht den Eintritt neuer Konkurrenten [+] Regulierung: Nach der Deregulierung 1978 ist der Markt offen; die staatlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen sind nach 9/11 stark gestiegen [+] Vertriebszugänge: Durch die Nutzung des Internets kann

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