Demand and Treatment of Water
Water Treatment
Water Demand
• Various types of water demands for a city
– Domestic water demands
– Commercial & industrial demand
– Fire demand
– Demand for public uses
– Compensate losses demand
Water Demand
• Domestic water demand
– It depends on the habits, social status, climatic conditions and customs of the people.
– The domestic consumption of water under normal conditions is considered to be about 135 LPCD (IS 1172-1971)
– The details of domestic consumption per person are as below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Drinking
Cooking
Bathing
Cloth washing
Utensils washing
House washing
Flushing of latrines
» Total
5L
5L
55 L
20 L
10 L
10 L
30 L
135 L/Capita.day
For rural water supply with stand post – 40 LPCD
For rural water supply with house connection 70 – 100 LPCD
Water Demand
•
Commercial and Industrial Demand
– The water demand for commercial and public places may be up to 45
LPCD
– Water supply requriements for few public buildings (IS 1172-1963)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Factories with bathrooms
Factories without bathrooms
Hospitals, no of beds < 100
Hospitals, no. of beds > 100
Hostels
Offices
Restaurants (per seat)
Hotels (per bed)
Cinema Hall (per seat)
Schools (day schools)
Boarding schools
45 LPCD
30 LPCD
340 LPCD
450 LPCD
135 LPCD
45 LPCD
70
180
15
45 LPCD
135 LPCD
– The water requirement for the industries differs from industry to industry and generally considered as 20 to 25% of the total demand of the city.
Water Demand
•
Fire demand
– During fire breakdowns large quantity of the water is required for throwing it over the fire to extinguish it.
– Hence, provision is made in the water works to supply sufficient quantity of water or keep as reserve in the mains for this purpose.
– Fire hydrants are provided on the mains at 100 to 150 m apart for this purpose. – The quantity of water required for fire fighting is calculated using
following
Water Demand
• Various types of water demands for a city
– Domestic water demands
– Commercial & industrial demand
– Fire demand
– Demand for public uses
– Compensate losses demand
Water Demand
• Domestic water demand
– It depends on the habits, social status, climatic conditions and customs of the people.
– The domestic consumption of water under normal conditions is considered to be about 135 LPCD (IS 1172-1971)
– The details of domestic consumption per person are as below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Drinking
Cooking
Bathing
Cloth washing
Utensils washing
House washing
Flushing of latrines
» Total
5L
5L
55 L
20 L
10 L
10 L
30 L
135 L/Capita.day
For rural water supply with stand post – 40 LPCD
For rural water supply with house connection 70 – 100 LPCD
Water Demand
•
Commercial and Industrial Demand
– The water demand for commercial and public places may be up to 45
LPCD
– Water supply requriements for few public buildings (IS 1172-1963)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Factories with bathrooms
Factories without bathrooms
Hospitals, no of beds < 100
Hospitals, no. of beds > 100
Hostels
Offices
Restaurants (per seat)
Hotels (per bed)
Cinema Hall (per seat)
Schools (day schools)
Boarding schools
45 LPCD
30 LPCD
340 LPCD
450 LPCD
135 LPCD
45 LPCD
70
180
15
45 LPCD
135 LPCD
– The water requirement for the industries differs from industry to industry and generally considered as 20 to 25% of the total demand of the city.
Water Demand
•
Fire demand
– During fire breakdowns large quantity of the water is required for throwing it over the fire to extinguish it.
– Hence, provision is made in the water works to supply sufficient quantity of water or keep as reserve in the mains for this purpose.
– Fire hydrants are provided on the mains at 100 to 150 m apart for this purpose. – The quantity of water required for fire fighting is calculated using
following