Democracy in America
Alexis de Tocqueville
DE MOC R AC Y I N A M E R ICA
Historical-Critical Edition of De la democratie en Amerique ´ ´
s4s4s4s4s4
Edited by Eduardo Nolla Translated from the French by James T. Schleifer a bilingual french-english edition volume 1
Indianapolis
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi ), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. English translation, translator’s note, index, 2010 by Liberty Fund, Inc.
The French text on which this translation is based is De la democratie en ´ Amerique, premiere edition historico-critique revue et augmentee. Edited by ´ ` ´ ´ Eduardo Nolla. Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin; 6, Place de la Sorbonne; Paris, 1990. French edition reprinted by permission. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 c 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 p 5 4 3 2 1 (Set) (Vol. 1) (Vol. 2) (Vol. 3) (Vol. 4) Cloth ISBNs 978-0-86597-719-8 978-0-86597-720-4 978-0-86597-721-1 978-0-86597-722-8 978-0-86597-723-5 Paperback ISBNs 978-0-86597-724-2 978-0-86597-725-9 978-0-86597-726-6 978-0-86597-727-3 978-0-86597-728-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805–1859. [De la democratie en Amerique. English & French] ´ ´ Democracy in America: historical-critical edition of De la democratie en Amerique/Alexis ´ ´ de Tocqueville; edited by Eduardo Nolla; translated from the French by James T. Schleifer. p. cm. “A bilingual French-English edition.” Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-86597-719-8 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-720-4 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-721-1 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-722-8 (hc:
DE MOC R AC Y I N A M E R ICA
Historical-Critical Edition of De la democratie en Amerique ´ ´
s4s4s4s4s4
Edited by Eduardo Nolla Translated from the French by James T. Schleifer a bilingual french-english edition volume 1
Indianapolis
This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi ), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. English translation, translator’s note, index, 2010 by Liberty Fund, Inc.
The French text on which this translation is based is De la democratie en ´ Amerique, premiere edition historico-critique revue et augmentee. Edited by ´ ` ´ ´ Eduardo Nolla. Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin; 6, Place de la Sorbonne; Paris, 1990. French edition reprinted by permission. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 c 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 p 5 4 3 2 1 (Set) (Vol. 1) (Vol. 2) (Vol. 3) (Vol. 4) Cloth ISBNs 978-0-86597-719-8 978-0-86597-720-4 978-0-86597-721-1 978-0-86597-722-8 978-0-86597-723-5 Paperback ISBNs 978-0-86597-724-2 978-0-86597-725-9 978-0-86597-726-6 978-0-86597-727-3 978-0-86597-728-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805–1859. [De la democratie en Amerique. English & French] ´ ´ Democracy in America: historical-critical edition of De la democratie en Amerique/Alexis ´ ´ de Tocqueville; edited by Eduardo Nolla; translated from the French by James T. Schleifer. p. cm. “A bilingual French-English edition.” Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-86597-719-8 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-720-4 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-721-1 (hc: alk. paper) isbn 978-0-86597-722-8 (hc: