Demographic Transition

UK Demographic Transition Graph

1848- Public health act establishes board of health for pure water and drainage
1868- Local authorities condemn unfit buildings
1875- Public health act establishes local sanitary district
1876- Birth control information: size of families controlled
1921- Local councils treat TB
1939-1949- Post war baby boom
1920-2000- Migrant women having children
Changes in Population at each Stage:
At the first stage of the transition model in 1700, population was on the rise. This is because the Birth Rate per thousand was marginally higher than the Death Rate per thousand. Meaning that population would see an increase.
The second stage of the transition model (1741-1880) saw a big increase in total population. This is predominantly due to the fact that people were beginning to live longer because outpatients were being treated in hospitals and there was a vaccination that prevented smallpox meaning that less people were dying. Also, the establishment of the public health act meant that there was sanitation and clean water around which meant that there was fewer diseases around and people had a better quality of life. This is also caused a massive reduction in death rates (From 34% in 1740 to 17% in 1880)
The third stage of the transition model (1881-1932) also sees an increase of total population. Predominantly due to the fact that Birth Rates were still significantly higher than deaths rates although Birth Rates had declined significantly due to birth control information where the size of families had been controlled and less men were around because of WW1. Death Rates remained low due to the fact that local councils were treating TB meaning more people were surviving the disease.
The last stage of the transition model (1933-Present) sees population increasing but only on a small scale because there is very little difference between Birth and Death rates but Birth Rates still remain higher. This is predominantly due to the fact of the baby boom after WW2 and there were short periods of natural increase in 1980.