Deterrence Theory Of Crime Prevention
There are different theories in which crime prevention is grounded on. The first one resides on the principal of the classical school. The origin of crime prevention goes back to 1764. The publication of Dei Delitti e Delle Pene by Cesare Beccaria marks the beginning of the classical school of thought. In the 1720s, the Black act consisted of more than 200 capital offences. The rationale was that, the threat of terror would prevent individuals from committing crimes. This is known as deterrence. The deterrence theory is divided into 2 subcategories, which is the general and specific deterrence. Deterrence is mainly used by the criminal justice system. The idea is that seeing other people being investigated, punished or tried, discourages other
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There are facts from police crackdown, which demonstrate when there is a targeted and concentrated police action in a specific location, there is a decrease of crime. (Sherman 1990; Farrell et al.1998, Tilley 2004). In Minneapolis, a study was conducted to assess the effect of police crackdown. After an analysis, 55 locations where selected which was deemed as a hotspot. There was an increase patrol presence to a target time of three hours in these areas. The impact of the increased patrol was then measured by citizen calls concerning crime and from independent observation. The results showed that there was a place specific “micro- deterrence” in the hotspots that received intense police patrols. ( Sherman, L.W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial). The study showed that there was a slight decrease of the level of crime and therefore, not much evidence was found for general deterrence. More studies were then carried out after the study in Minneapolis. One successful crackdown is one of the Britain Street Crime Initiative of 2002-2005. The level of robbery and snatch theft was on a rise. To counteract, this more police patrol was targeted in hotspots and there was an increased effort to detect cases and bring them before the court. However, as the efforts ended the effects decreased quite
There are facts from police crackdown, which demonstrate when there is a targeted and concentrated police action in a specific location, there is a decrease of crime. (Sherman 1990; Farrell et al.1998, Tilley 2004). In Minneapolis, a study was conducted to assess the effect of police crackdown. After an analysis, 55 locations where selected which was deemed as a hotspot. There was an increase patrol presence to a target time of three hours in these areas. The impact of the increased patrol was then measured by citizen calls concerning crime and from independent observation. The results showed that there was a place specific “micro- deterrence” in the hotspots that received intense police patrols. ( Sherman, L.W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial). The study showed that there was a slight decrease of the level of crime and therefore, not much evidence was found for general deterrence. More studies were then carried out after the study in Minneapolis. One successful crackdown is one of the Britain Street Crime Initiative of 2002-2005. The level of robbery and snatch theft was on a rise. To counteract, this more police patrol was targeted in hotspots and there was an increased effort to detect cases and bring them before the court. However, as the efforts ended the effects decreased quite