Diabetes Outline
Type 1 Diabetes- (aka Juvenile diabetes mellitus insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus) * Causes by destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. When the beta cells are destroyed they are no longer able to produce insulin. Insulin must then be injected so the body can use food for energy. * Only 5-10% of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. * It is thought to be caused by vital infections or an autoimmune response. * 90% of pts dx w/ type 1 diabetes have islet cell antibodies in their blood. * The pt w/ type 1 diabetes is most often young and thin and prone to developing ketoacidosis when blood glucose is elevated. *
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood * Is a variation of type 1 diabetes – some pts w/ type 2 diabetes were later found to have cell and insulin antibodies and their blood glucose is not controlled with oral medications
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus * Tissues are resistant to insulin * Insulin is still produced by the pancreas but not in inadequate amounts * Sometimes the amount of insulin is normal or even high but bc the tissues are resistant to it, hyperglycemia results * As the disease progresses the pancreas eventually wears out and insulin production decreases. * Heredity -90% cause of type 2 diabetes * Obesity is a major factor * Pt with a family hx of type 2 diabetes and have a recent stressors such as the death of a family member, illness, or loss of a job can bring on the disease
Chart on pg. 916
Type 1 vs. Type 2
Onset Rapid Slow
Age at onset usually younger than 40 usually older than 40
Risk Factors Virus, autoimmune response, heredity Heredity, obesity
Usual body type Lean Obese
High blood glucose complication Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia; may develop ketoacidosis
Treatment Diet, exercise, must have insulin to survive Diet, exercise; may need oral hypoglycemic or insulin to
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood * Is a variation of type 1 diabetes – some pts w/ type 2 diabetes were later found to have cell and insulin antibodies and their blood glucose is not controlled with oral medications
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus * Tissues are resistant to insulin * Insulin is still produced by the pancreas but not in inadequate amounts * Sometimes the amount of insulin is normal or even high but bc the tissues are resistant to it, hyperglycemia results * As the disease progresses the pancreas eventually wears out and insulin production decreases. * Heredity -90% cause of type 2 diabetes * Obesity is a major factor * Pt with a family hx of type 2 diabetes and have a recent stressors such as the death of a family member, illness, or loss of a job can bring on the disease
Chart on pg. 916
Type 1 vs. Type 2
Onset Rapid Slow
Age at onset usually younger than 40 usually older than 40
Risk Factors Virus, autoimmune response, heredity Heredity, obesity
Usual body type Lean Obese
High blood glucose complication Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia; may develop ketoacidosis
Treatment Diet, exercise, must have insulin to survive Diet, exercise; may need oral hypoglycemic or insulin to