Life for black Americans were difficult in 1930’s where they faced discrimination an early example is The Ku Klux Klan founded at the end of civil war was a racist organisation which believed in white supremacy. They were dressed in white robes and white hoods to show white supremacy as well as to conceal their identity. The members were White, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestants also known as WASPS. This showed how black Americans were looked down on society but had showed significant improvement in later years.
The NAACP formed in 1909 by William Du Bois, they were active against racial injustice between 1930s and 1940s. They had various campaigns one mainly being the main opponent of the Ku Klux Klan in 1920s. They had also stopped various opposition in which they had felt it was a correct decision, an example is blocking a nomination of judge, John Parker, a known racist. They had also pressured the Supreme Courts which ensured black Americans have the same quality of education as white Americans.
The Second World War in 1941 had many positive and negative changes. The Jim Crow Law which segregated the units in the US army there was a black only unit in which they weren’t allowed to combat in before 1944 but were offered jobs to support the army such as transport supplies. Although discrimination occurred, US air forces didn’t allow black pilots but the Tuskegee allowed them to have black pilots at the end of the war consisting of 1000 black pilots.
Education was difficult for black Americans in the 1950s and 1960s because of the struggle of equal education in which in 1952, 20 US states had segregated public schools. Linda Brown had to walk 20 blocks to her school which consisted of black Americans even though there was a school for white pupils near her home. In September 1957, 9 African-Americans students entered a white only Central High School in Little Rock this made President Eisenhower respond by sending 1000 federal troops which brought the media involved and increased the publicity to the injustices of segregation.
Resilience in 1950’s were increasing, Malcolm X whose father was murdered by white Supremes had joined the Nation of Islam and changed his surname to ‘X’. Although he rejected Martin Luther King’s speech and ideology he believed violence was the only way to secure a black nation. Many young black Americans were frustrated in Kings slow response and with the Malcolm’s confidence in speaking; he attracted them to support him. As a result, he encouraged the self-esteem of black Americans and his ideology was supported by Black Panthers and Power. However, the inspiration was destroyed as Malcolm was shot by three members of Malcolm’s old group, the Nation of Islam in February 1965 which still kept fear in black Americans.
Overall, black Americans and white Americans had an immense gap, strict segregation which restricted black Americans from white Americans clearly showed society had its own opinion but I think that black Americans were overestimated. For example, in 1965, the Voting Rights Act ended the literacy test in which people thought that black Americans were unintelligent, it also stopped racial discrimination over the right to vote. However, these significant changes occurred in 1960’s and onwards and were not an overall solution for those who had problems before 1960’s.
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