Differences between the cells of different muscle types
BTEC Level 3 Applied Science
Unit 1 – examiners report: Achieves P5, M2 needs to discuss different tissue types to achieve D2.
In this essay I will include information regarding: cell differentiation, the functions of various cell organelles, tissues and a comparison of different tissue types.
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialised cell becomes a more specialised cell type. Differentiation happens a number of times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a fertilised egg cell to a complex system of tissues and cell types.
Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are mainly due to changes in which genes are read by the cell. Different cells can have very different characteristics despite having the same DNA.
The organelles of a standard undifferentiated cell are as follows.
The cytoplasm is the watery substance that makes up the bulk of the cell with organelles in it. It consists mainly of water with dissolved substances such as amino acids in it.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a set of flattened cavities lined by a thin membrane. It is where many substances are made in the cell. It also works as a transport system in which substances can move through from one part of the cell to another.
There are 2 types of ER - rough (RER) and smooth (SER). SER is where lipids and steroids are made so there are a lot of SER in liver cells where lipids are manufactured.
RER gets its name because it is covered with very small organelles called ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of RNA and protein and are the site of protein manufacture.
Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened layers of plate-like membranes in which proteins are modified for excretion by the cell.
Lysosomes are small packets of digestive enzymes that are used to help break down old organelles.
Mitochondria is where respiration takes place and ATP is produced as an
Unit 1 – examiners report: Achieves P5, M2 needs to discuss different tissue types to achieve D2.
In this essay I will include information regarding: cell differentiation, the functions of various cell organelles, tissues and a comparison of different tissue types.
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialised cell becomes a more specialised cell type. Differentiation happens a number of times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a fertilised egg cell to a complex system of tissues and cell types.
Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are mainly due to changes in which genes are read by the cell. Different cells can have very different characteristics despite having the same DNA.
The organelles of a standard undifferentiated cell are as follows.
The cytoplasm is the watery substance that makes up the bulk of the cell with organelles in it. It consists mainly of water with dissolved substances such as amino acids in it.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a set of flattened cavities lined by a thin membrane. It is where many substances are made in the cell. It also works as a transport system in which substances can move through from one part of the cell to another.
There are 2 types of ER - rough (RER) and smooth (SER). SER is where lipids and steroids are made so there are a lot of SER in liver cells where lipids are manufactured.
RER gets its name because it is covered with very small organelles called ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of RNA and protein and are the site of protein manufacture.
Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened layers of plate-like membranes in which proteins are modified for excretion by the cell.
Lysosomes are small packets of digestive enzymes that are used to help break down old organelles.
Mitochondria is where respiration takes place and ATP is produced as an