The police have been empowered by the government with the power to investigate and make arrests in connections to violations of law. The police must abide by the law in their pursuit to uphold law. The courts in the United States examine police, procedure and behavior, and can overturn, overrule or modify violations of law and procedure that do not adhere to due process. Examples of the courts influence on policing procedures can be found in cases such as Weeks vs. United States (1914), Silverthorn Lumber vs. United States (1920), and Mapp vs. Ohio (1961). If the issues are examined one can see the precedents the courts used to…
One of the main conflicts occurring in the United States today deals with police brutality and the relationship between police officers and their communities. Two Books Argue the Case for Police Reform From Within, an article in the New York Times, stated that approximately one-thousand people in America are killed annually at the expense of police officers. This number is shocking to many due to the fact that the amount of violent crime and deaths of on-duty police officers has decreased greatly and continues to do so. This article talks about how police enforcement abuses their powers and how they are thought to have too much power which leads to this abuse. It discusses cases that deal with the Fourth Amendment right of American Citizens and where police have used deadly force in instances that it was not necessary, leading to a movement known as Black Lives Matter.…
The ethical or unethical use of force is determined by the community, society, or a judge and jury. Police officers that misuse their authority never seem to consider that nowadays the citizens in American society frequently utilize their electrical devices to record the unnecessary deadly force by police officers on minorities. Such misuse of authority against minorities seems to bringabout unconstructive results and grave concerns about the police officers that misuse their authority, and how it strongly appears that they are not held accountable for the unwarranted fatalshootings of minority individuals. The cause and effects of such unwarranted shooting appears toof had a negative impact on…
The criminal justice system of the United States remains influenced because of probable cause, police discretion, and judicial discretion concerning criminal misconduct. This material reviews the history of policing, and the court system. This examination analyzes probable cause, police discretion, and how these components influence law enforcement and the courts. Additionally, this assessment reviews the influence for law enforcement, studies police operations, and observes various decision-making processes. Furthermore, this investigation scrutinizes the judicial discretion process, reviews different influences for the courts, reviews diverse court operations, and examines other decision-making processes.…
The Bill of Rights guarantees that everyone has the right to due process. The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark case Miranda v. Arizona 384 U.S. 436 (1966) changed our due process by adding additional procedures to how law enforcement handles a suspect and ensuring they know their rights as American citizens.…
Police brutality has been a continuously debated topic for decades, between the American people and law enforcement. In recent years, the controversy of police misconduct lead to countless publications of books, articles, newspapers, and well-known online sites that discuss the issue on hand in America. Being an arguable topic for decades, there are sources about the controversy that are entitled with bias. With that being said, it's crucial when researching for sources that it must state viable facts and can be properly evaluated under certain criteria, rather than articles that feeds overwhelming bias of information to the audience. Three sources that were used for this evaluation can include a newspaper article, one online…
Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). The police in America: An introduction (7th ed.).New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.…
As the director of the Center on Quality Policing and assistant professor for the department of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania, the authors of this article believe that through three methodologies of research, problem police officers can be flagged so that the issue of racial profiling can be addressed more appropriately. Ridgeway and MacDonald present data recovered from various studies which suggest that there is a problem of racially biased policing in many communities. With these efforts of research,…
Racial Profiling in the Criminal Justice system. Racial Profiling has been argued to be a very ineffective style of community policing in the criminal justice system. Using the New York City Police Department, “Stop, Question & Frisk” Policy as a model, I will show that profiling has led to lower crime rates which is shown from a current and historical point of view. Using history as a tool, in time periods where New York City seen the highest peaks of crime, through interviews and official documents, I will show data on different races being profiled for crimes in different communities. Some would argue that…
Civilian oversight of law enforcement is a vital element of the democratic society. Effective civilian oversight of police is crucial to guarantee that the police use its power of authority in a way that exhibits respect for the law and individual rights and freedoms. The committee’s responsibility is to maintain a balance between police independence and to complete investigations and maintain order without undue political influence, or influence from any other source while remaining accountable to the public. The belief that civilians do not understand what a police officer faces on a daily basis becomes the crux of most complaints made by police officers when it comes to the forming of a civilian oversight committee. Police believe that until a person walks a beat in an officer’s shoes, or accompanies an officer on a dangerous call-out, that a civilian cannot adequately pass judgment on an officer’s discretionary choice during said call-out…
With times changing and individuals obtaining more powerful mobile, almost every move a person makes can be recorded or looked back on in some sort of way. With this great power, comes great scrutiny for not only everyday individuals, but for the individuals that protect us day in and day out. Law enforcement has suffered more scrutiny, and has obtained a substantial amount of media coverage over the past few years. This coverage has not been positive, and often highlights the mistakes, and aggressive actions taken by the officers of the law. With the framing of police officers changing from being outstanding citizens who uphold the law, to vicious animals who abuse their power, one begins to question the reasoning for all the brutality.…
The U.S Constitutional amendments place limits on what law enforcement and how a trial should be governed. These strict rights are to be followed because if an officer fails to abide by the proper procedure, the trial court may forcibly put an end to evidence obtained in violation of proper procedure or even release the arrested suspect. This is an amendment that deals with each of the following: criminal due process, arrest, interrogation, search and seizure, Miranda, punishment, the right to jury trials, and the right to counsel.…
The biggest issue that is arising in America today within police agencies is police brutality. “Police brutality is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians” (The Law dictionary). Throughout this paper police brutality is discussed an analyzed to conclude its causes and effects. In order to conduct this paper numerous online articles have been examined to produce statistics on this sensitive topic. These articles are written by creditable sources specifically detailing police misconduct. Although there are laws to help eliminate unlawful actions by law enforcement, but with power some of those laws are over look when it comes down to those in society who have a badges behind their…
Starting with the slave trade in the mid-1600’s and evolving into laws being erected in 1954, racism has been prevalent in the United States for hundreds of years. Now, its 2017 and even after slavery and Jim Crowe laws have been abolished, and Brown vs Board has been appealed, racism still rears its ugly head in the lives of the masses. This particular plague has unfortunately spread into the hearts and minds of civilians, government officials, and those holding immense amounts of power and influence. With that being said, it is no surprise that among the bodies in which such gross injustices occur, the police force comes into question. Seemingly more so than ever, police brutality as a whole has been happening at an alarming rate. Flip on…
Course Description: OREN 101/UNIV 102: Foundation of Collegiate Learning represents the 2nd part of a 2-semester course designed to assist incoming freshmen and transfer students in their transition to the college environment. This part of the course will focus on providing students with additional knowledge and practice in communication/writing skills through assigned activities designed to stimulate critical thinking and generate solutions to specific problem sets. Students will also be provided with information on academic success strategies; leadership, ethical values and their rights and responsibilities as scholars in the academy.…