Some checks and balances that should be put together at the physician’s office and at the pharmacy to ensure errors do not occur are: physician and pharmacy should always ask patients if they have any known allergies, patient should be considered allergic to all penicillin if allergic to any penicillin, and patient with penicillin allergies should wear a form of identification so that they are not inadvertently given penicillin in an emergency situation.…
At the time, the idea that an antiseptic agent could kill bacteria without at the same time harming the patient was unheard of, so Fleming never considered that penicillin might be taken internally. Nor was he a chemist, so he lacked the expertise to isolate and purify the active ingredient from the mold. While he found that his CHAPTER 3: CELL FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE 3620001C03.indd 45 45 1/27/11 10:14 AM INFOGRAPHIC 3.5 Some Antibiotics Target Bacterial Cell Walls Penicillin and related antibiotics target the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.…
Allergies: PCN, Cipro, ASA: PCN – “my throat swells up and I get short of breath”, Cipro – “rash all over”, ASA – “makes my stomach hurt”…
The health care provider prescribed the 8-year-old girl with a history of asthma and allergy to bee stings a course of penicillin to manage her current throat infection, and cautions her parents to watch her closely for her a reaction. The health care provider specifically provided her a prescription of penicillin to alleviate E.O.’s type I hypersensitivity to bee stings. The health care provider is concerned about the anaphylactic reaction that the little girl can have as a result of the prescription of penicillin. Penicillin is a common type of allergenic medication that can cause E.O. to have a life threatening allergic reaction. Type 1 hypersensitivity can result in an immediate reaction, which can occur between about 15…
The health care provider in this patient scenario is concerned that E.O. might have type 1-hypersensitivity. The patient has indications of this reaction as written in the provided patient history. Having an allergy to bee stings, and being a diagnosed asthma patient makes the Health care provider cautious in prescribing E.O. a course of penicillin, which is a broad spectrum antibiotic and a possible cause of human anaphylaxis as indicated in the textbox 10-1 (Copstead & Banasik, 2013). The bee sting allergy indicates that the patient has hypersensitivity and having asthma indicates the physiological mechanisms to a type 1 reaction. Type 1-hypersensitivity reactions…
Clinical desensitization to allergens is achieved when “minute quantities of the allergen are injected in increasing doses over a prolonged period”(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 272). The allergy shot would contain just enough allergen to trigger a reaction and an immune response. There is an increase in the dose of allergens in each subcutaneous shot, thus the body is desensitized and immune system develops a tolerance reducing allergic symptoms over time. This occurs in two phases:…
Annie will be given an antibiotic. Her mother mentions that she is allergic to penicillin. What are some checks and balances that should be in place at the physician’s office and in the pharmacy to ensure that errors are not made with patients with allergies to certain antibiotics?…
Antibiotics: i.e. Amoxicillin, a penicillin based antibiotic which fights bacteria in your body. It can only be taken if you are not allergic to Penicillin and do not have asthma, liver or kidney disease, or a history of diarrhoea caused by antibiotics. It is used to treat many different types of infections, such as ear infections, bladder infections, pneumonia, and salmonella however it can cause side effects including sores inside your mouth, fever, swollen glands, joint pain, muscle weakness, severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash, yellowed skin, yellowing of the eyes, dark colored urine, confusion or weakness, easy bruising, and vaginal itching.…
The fact that each bacterial species, and even some of their respective strains, responds uniquely to a given antimicrobial makes it necessary to have methods, which provide researchers and clinicians with measurable susceptibilities. This need has become prevalent since the rising of later generations of antimicrobial compounds achieved by chemical modifications of the naturally occurring antibiotics. By utilizing the Kirby-Bauer method, researchers and clinicians are able to determine the susceptibility of given microorganisms to different antibiotics and antimicrobials. While antibiotics specifically target bacteria, antimicrobials cast a wide net, nonspecifically targeting microorganisms and viruses. During this lab, we tested the effects of both antimicrobials and antibiotics on different bacterial cultures. By creating different lawns of bacteria and placing on each of them disks soaked in different antibiotics and antimicrobials, we were able to observe the susceptibility of the differing bacteria to several agents. This process that we practiced is the Kirby-Bauer method. As stated before, antibiotics and antimicrobials serve differing purposes. Antibiotics are substances, usually in the form of medication, that destroy bacteria or inhibit the growth of bacteria. On the other hand, antimicrobials act in destroying or inhibiting the growth of all microorganisms. One type of antimicrobial is an antiseptic, which acts to reduce the presence of microorganisms without harming living animal tissue (El-Mayas, 2013). It is important to note that while we were able to measure the susceptibility of these agents, we cannot conclude that resistance is present because further investigations would have to be conducted to determine if the microorganism has developed a metabolic capability to withstand the agent’s mechanisms and effects (Maxwell, 2013).…
Type 1 Hypersensitivity is a reaction that involves many parts of the body, for instance, the skin, eyes, nasopharynx, bronchopulmonary tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. This reaction may cause a range of minor symptoms to fatality. Common manifestations that may possibly occur during Type 1 Hypersensitivity are rhinitis, asthma, atopic eczema, bee-sting reaction, and gastroenteritis. IgE, released from B cells, is an antibody that mediates hypersensitivity and arms mast cells, which exhibit as the principal component cell of this reaction in the body. The exposure of an allergen in an individual causes plasma B cells to produce the antibody IgE which circulates in small amount in the blood. Immunoglobulin E binds to the IgE receptors on mast cells which ultimately produces IgE antigen-binding sites on the surface of the mast cell. After the exposure of the mast cell with crosslinking of IgE-Fc receptors to an antigen, degranulation results and mediators are released causing signs of inflammation (Copstead & Banasik, 2010, pp. 227-228).…
A sensitizer is a substance that may cause a response such as redness, itching or swelling and the effects become more severe with each additional exposure.…
Some adverse reactions can happen for any drug potentially that an individual is taking. An example would be an adverse reaction to penicillin, anaphylactic shock; the signs of this are the swelling of for example the lips or face, a skin rash and the…
Some individuals might be allergic to penicillin so they have to take non based penicillin antibiotic.…
Without the use of medication some illnesses can be fatal. Medicine is more than just Penicillin and Advil. Medications can help with life threatening diseases in addition to pre/post-surgical procedures. Medications supports the building of immunity when it's weak, furthermore it may counteract a chemical imbalances that may cause you to act differently than you used to. The use of medication has proven to positively affect people with minor to major mental health issues. Psychosis is a mental illness onset by multiple health related and social related situations. It may additionally accompany other mental illnesses. Many pharmaceuticals and treatments have been developed the use of medications play a significant role to resolve this mental…
This is a rather complicated process which I do go into detail about in the book, but as simply put as I can (without quoting the entire book!), allergic reactions and even sensitivities create certain responses in the body.…