TRANSCRIPTION: Transcription is the process of which DNA matches corresponding RNA bases, Transcription is located in the Nucleus, and the only type of RNA that is involved in Transcription is mRNA, and the purpose is so that the code can get out of the Nucleus, mRNA is also made through Transcription, It also takes information that doesn't directly make proteins but it helps makes codes for the production of proteins, DNA Transcription consist of 4 nucleotide bases, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine. Transcription also unwinds the strand of DNA and the RNA comes in and matches then becomes a single strand. The only thing that changes during this process is the Thymine gets replaced with Uracil.…
When RNA polymerase makes an unprocessed mRNA copy of DNA, the copy is called the ___________________.…
5 Was the mutational effect greater in a substitution or a deletion? Explain your answer clearly.…
The flow of information starts with transcription. Within transcription, the DNA molecule holds a nucleotide sequence called the promoter that the RNA polymerase attaches to and begins the RNA synthesis. Through the process of transcription, the RNA strand becomes longer and finally detaches from the DNA strand, wherein the two DNA strands come back together forming the previously continuous strand. At this point the RNA turns…
DNA is typically has two strands running in opposite direction and is usually referred to as a double helix. Each on the individual strands consists of a backbone that is formed by sugar molecules linked together in groups. Each individual sugar molecule is covalently linked to one of the following possible bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. These bases are typically aligned perpendicular to the axis of the strand. As previously stated the strands run in opposite directions with the bases paired up with Adenine always with Thymine and Guanine always with Cytosine. Theses pairs form hydrogen bonds with the A/T pair having 2 and the G/C pair having 3. The extra hydrogen bond makes the G/C pair stronger.…
The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual, Where as a…
Describe the structure of DNA.DNA is thread formed by two strands, related together to form a double helix. The double helix looks like a twisted ladder. The sides of this ladder are long unites called nucleotides and are made of three parts; a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The sides of the ladder or the nucleotides from the two separate strands of the DNA are attached by an appendage made of one of four separate bases. These appendages represent the rungs of the DNA ladder and are attached to the complimentary strand of the DNA. The bases or rungs are made of either Adenine (A) OR Thymine (T) or Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). The attachment of the strands by the bases is specific Adenine can only join with Thymine, and Cytosine can only join with Guanine. Since this base pairing is specific, if one knows the sequence of bases a long one strand of the DNA one will also know the strand of the DNA one will also know the sequence along the complimentary strand.…
DNA is a structure of specific molecules and a complex mixture of chemicals. DNA is a nucleic acid, which is a group of complex compounds that can be found in all living cells or viruses, and controls cell health and function. Nucleic acids are composed of polymers and monomers, which are referred to as nucleotides. There are four different types of nucleotides that make up the structure of DNA, which are abbreviated A, C, T, and G. Covalent bonds join together nucleotides through sugar and phosphate. Polynucleotides, or a polymer nucleotide, which tends to be longer than a monomer nucleotide, contains many variations of arrangements of A, C, T, and G.…
DNA is one of the nucleic acids information-containing molecules in the cell (ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is the other nuclei c acid). DNA if found in the nucleus of every human cell. The information is DNA: guides the cells (along with RNA) in making new proteins that determine all of our biological traits. DNA gets passed (copies) from one generation to the next. DNA in a cell is really just a pattern made up of four different parts called nucleotides. Image a set of blocks that has only four shapes, or an alphabet that has only four letters. DNA is a long string of these blocks or letters.…
In this laboratory, two experiments were performed; the first one was performed to determine whose fingerprint was found at a crime scene. For this experiment, four-10 mL DNA samples were placed in a well of agarose gel, using a micropipette; the sample was also covered in a TBE buffer solution. The four samples were then put in the electrophoresis apparatus to be run through electrophoresis. After 20 minutes, the samples were ready and the results were documented; it was found that suspect “B” was the culprit. The second experiment was performed to isolate and extract DNA from epithelial cells.…
* tRNA: reads the code and carries the amino acid to be incorporated into the developing protein…
X-rays damage DNA in organisms. Rosalind Franklin died of cancer at an early age. How might her work with X-ray diffraction have led to her death?…
During protein digestion, a water molecule is added which breaks down the carbonyl-carbon-nitrogen sin the peptide bonds of proteins causing the liberation of amino acids. This process is referred to as proteolysis. Water molecules break down the carbonyl-carbon-nitrogen single bond (peptide bond) that holds single amino acid molecules together (Caroline Ritchie, 2013. This process is called hydrolysis and is catalysed by protease.…
Genetic engineering is a type of engineering where genes are modified to find cures, diseases, and more. Genetic engineering uses the central dogma, which is the idea of taking.…
In prokaryotes, it’s easier to make DNA replication because of the lack of a nucleus, but to do DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell is more difficult. DNA of an eukaryotic cell is in chromatin form to fit into the small nucleus for the replication to occur, first the DNA should open. This is because it is harder for eukaryotes to carry out DNA synthesis.…